Ferrario V F, Sforza C, Ciusa V, Dellavia C, Tartaglia G M
Functional Anatomy Research Center, Dipartimento di Anatomia Umana, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001 Apr;59(4):382-8. doi: 10.1053/joms.2001.21872.
The study assessed the effects of sex and age on 3-dimensional (3D) soft-tissue facial asymmetry.
The 3D coordinates of selected soft-tissue facial landmarks were digitized on 314 healthy white subjects (40 male and 33 female adolescents, aged 12 to 15 years; 73 female and 89 male young adults, aged 18 to 30 years; and 41 male and 38 female adults, aged 31 to 56 years) by an electromagnetic instrument. Facial asymmetry was quantified by detecting a plane of symmetry and the centers of gravity of the right and left hemifaces and by calculating the distance between the 2 centers of gravity (distance from the symmetry [DFS]). Both absolute (millimeters) and percentage (of the nasion-center of gravity distance) DFS were obtained, as well as the maximum normal asymmetry. The asymmetry of single landmarks was also quantified.
No gender- or age-related differences were found for both absolute and percentage DFS (P > .05). The maximum normal asymmetry was slightly greater in females than in males of corresponding age; within each sex, the largest values were found in the adolescent group. Tragion, gonion, and zygion were the most asymmetric landmarks in all groups (about 10% to 12% of the nasion-facial center of gravity distance), whereas the least asymmetric was endocanthion (4% to 6%).
A slight soft-tissue facial asymmetry was found in normal subjects. The maximum normal asymmetry could be useful in identifying borderline asymmetric patients.
本研究评估性别和年龄对三维（3D）面部软组织不对称性的影响。
通过电磁仪器对314名健康白人受试者（40名男性和33名女性青少年，年龄12至15岁；73名女性和89名男性青年，年龄18至30岁；41名男性和38名女性成年人，年龄31至56岁）选定的面部软组织标志点的三维坐标进行数字化处理。通过检测对称平面以及左右半侧面部的重心，并计算两个重心之间的距离（距对称距离[DFS]）来量化面部不对称性。获得了绝对（毫米）和百分比（鼻根 - 重心距离的百分比）DFS，以及最大正常不对称性。还对面部单个标志点的不对称性进行了量化。
绝对DFS和百分比DFS均未发现与性别或年龄相关的差异（P > 0.05）。相应年龄组中女性的最大正常不对称性略大于男性；在每个性别中，青少年组的不对称值最大。耳屏点、下颌角点和颧突点是所有组中不对称性最大的标志点（约占鼻根 - 面部重心距离的10%至12%），而内眦点的不对称性最小（4%至6%）。
在正常受试者中发现了轻微的面部软组织不对称性。最大正常不对称性可能有助于识别临界不对称患者。
