Streissguth A P, O'Malley K
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2000 Jul;5(3):177-90. doi: 10.1053/scnp.2000.6729.
Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause a whole spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) sequelae that persist throughout the life span and manifest in a spectrum of effects from clinically indistinguishable to severely impairing. The greatest impact of alcohol as a teratogen is to the brain-the greatest need is for holistic treatment and management of the associated mental disorders. The interaction of this subtle brain damage with the complex psychosocial circumstances surrounding the birth of a child to a mother with alcohol problems can further compound development and result in costly and devastating social consequences. Research is urgently needed on the chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of these subtle birth defects of the brain. Identification of these fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in the psychiatric nomenclature is a necessary step to focus the attention and resources of the mental health field on this personally and socially significant problem.
产前酒精暴露可导致一系列中枢神经系统（CNS）后遗症，这些后遗症会持续终生，并表现出从临床上难以区分到严重损害的一系列影响。酒精作为一种致畸剂，对大脑的影响最大——最需要的是对相关精神障碍进行全面治疗和管理。这种轻微的脑损伤与母亲有酒精问题的孩子出生时周围复杂的社会心理环境相互作用，会进一步加剧发育问题，并导致代价高昂且具有毁灭性的社会后果。迫切需要对这些轻微脑出生缺陷的慢性神经精神后遗症进行研究。在精神疾病分类中识别这些胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是将心理健康领域的注意力和资源集中在这个对个人和社会都具有重要意义的问题上的必要步骤。
