Pesta B J, Murphy M D, Sanders R E
Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2001 Mar;27(2):328-38. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.27.2.328.
Using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott task and E. Tulving's (1985) remember-know judgments for recognition memory, the authors explored whether emotional words can show the false memory effect. Participants studied lists containing nonemotional, orthographic associates (e.g., cape, tape, ripe; part, perk, dark) of either emotional (e.g., rape) or nonemotional (e.g., park) critical lures. This setup produced significant false "remembering" of emotional lures, even though initially no emotional words appeared at study. When 3 emotional nonlure words appeared at study, emotional-lure false recognition more than doubled. However, when these 3 study words also appeared on the recognition test, false memory for the emotional lures was reduced. Across experiments, participants misremembered nonemotional lures more often than they did emotional lures, but they were more likely to rate emotional lures as "remembered," once they had been recognized as "old." The authors discuss findings in light of J. J. Freyd and D. H. Gleave's (1996) criticisms of this task.
作者运用迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特任务以及E. 图尔文（1985年）用于识别记忆的“记得-知道”判断方法，探究了情感词汇是否会呈现错误记忆效应。参与者学习包含情感（如rape）或非情感（如park）关键诱饵的非情感、正字法关联词汇列表（如cape、tape、ripe；part、perk、dark）。这种设置产生了对情感诱饵的显著错误“记忆”，尽管最初学习时没有情感词汇出现。当学习时有3个情感非诱饵词汇出现时，情感诱饵的错误识别增加了一倍多。然而，当这3个学习词汇也出现在识别测试中时，对情感诱饵的错误记忆减少了。在所有实验中，参与者对非情感诱饵的错误记忆比对情感诱饵的错误记忆更频繁，但一旦情感诱饵被识别为“旧的”，他们更有可能将其评定为“记得”。作者根据J. J. 弗雷德和D. H. 格利夫（1996年）对该任务的批评来讨论研究结果。
