Kubena L F, Bailey R H, Byrd J A, Young C R, Corrier D E, Stanker L H, Rottinghaust G E
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
Poult Sci. 2001 Apr;80(4):411-7. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.4.411.
Four experiments were conducted using day-of-hatch, mixed-sex broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of aflatoxins and T-2 toxin on cecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the susceptibility to Salmonella colonization. All chicks in these experiments were challenged orally with 10(4) cfu of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) on Day 3. In Experiments 1 and 2, chicks were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, or 7.5 mg aflatoxins/kg of diet and were allowed to develop their microflora naturally. In Experiment 3, all chicks were orally gavaged on the day of hatch with a competitive exclusion (CE) culture (PREEMPT) and were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, or 7.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg. In Experiment 4, the chicks were fed diets containing 0, 7.5, or 15.0 mg T-2 toxin/kg and one-half of the chicks were orally gavaged on the day of hatch with the CE culture. In Experiments 1 and 2, with the exception of increased total VFA at 5 d in chicks fed the 7.5 mg T-2 aflatoxins/kg diet, there were no treatment effects on cecal propionic acid, total VFA, or incidence or severity of ST colonization. In Experiment 3, the only alteration in concentration of cecal propionic acid or total VFA was a significant reduction in total VFA at 5 d in chicks fed the 2.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg diet. No significant treatment differences were observed for numbers of Salmonella cecal culture-positive chicks or for numbers of ST in the cecal contents. In Experiment 4, with minor exceptions, the chicks treated with the CE culture had higher cecal concentrations of propionic acid and were less susceptible to Salmonella colonization than the non-CE-treated chicks. In the non-CE-treated chicks, T-2 toxin had no effect on any of the parameters, and 85 to 90% of the chicks were Salmonella cecal culture-positive. In the CE-treated chicks, there was a decrease in propionic acid concentration at 3 and 11 d and an increase in susceptibility to Salmonella colonization of the chicks fed the 15.0 mg T-2 toxin/kg diet. These results indicate that cecal concentrations of VFA can be affected by toxins, such as high concentrations of T-2 toxin, and that resistance to Salmonella colonization may be reduced. Further research is necessary to determine the biological significance of these changes.
进行了四项实验，使用刚孵化一天的混合性别肉鸡雏鸡来评估黄曲霉毒素和T-2毒素对盲肠挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）以及沙门氏菌定植易感性的影响。这些实验中的所有雏鸡在第3天口服10⁴cfu鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（ST）进行攻毒。在实验1和2中，雏鸡饲喂含0、2.5或7.5mg黄曲霉毒素/千克饲料的日粮，并让其微生物群自然发育。在实验3中，所有雏鸡在孵化当天口服给予一种竞争排斥（CE）培养物（PREEMPT），并饲喂含0、2.5或7.5mg T-2毒素/千克的日粮。在实验4中，雏鸡饲喂含0、7.5或15.0mg T-2毒素/千克的日粮，并且一半雏鸡在孵化当天口服给予CE培养物。在实验1和2中，除了饲喂7.5mg T-2黄曲霉毒素/千克日粮的雏鸡在5天时总VFA增加外，日粮处理对盲肠丙酸、总VFA或ST定植的发生率或严重程度没有影响。在实验3中，盲肠丙酸浓度或总VFA的唯一变化是饲喂2.5mg T-2毒素/千克日粮的雏鸡在5天时总VFA显著降低。对于盲肠培养物中沙门氏菌阳性雏鸡的数量或盲肠内容物中ST的数量，未观察到显著的处理差异。在实验4中，除了一些小的例外情况，接受CE培养物处理的雏鸡盲肠丙酸浓度较高，并且比未接受CE处理的雏鸡对沙门氏菌定植的易感性更低。在未接受CE处理的雏鸡中，T-2毒素对任何参数均无影响，并且85%至90%的雏鸡盲肠培养物中沙门氏菌呈阳性。在接受CE处理的雏鸡中，饲喂15.0mg T-2毒素/千克日粮的雏鸡在3天和11天时丙酸浓度降低，并且对沙门氏菌定植的易感性增加。这些结果表明，盲肠VFA浓度可受毒素影响，如高浓度的T-2毒素，并且对沙门氏菌定植的抵抗力可能会降低。有必要进行进一步研究以确定这些变化的生物学意义。
