Zhang Jie, Liu Xuerun, Su Ying, Li Tushuai
School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, PR China.
Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
Heliyon. 2022 Jul 20;8(8):e10012. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10012. eCollection 2022 Aug.
Mycotoxins are naturally produced secondary metabolites or low molecular organic compounds produced by fungus with high diversification, which cause mycotoxicosis (food contamination) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is simply one of the metabolites belonging to fungi trichothecene mycotoxin. Specifically, Trichothecenes-2 (T-2) mycotoxin of genus fusarium is considered one of the most hotspot agricultural commodities and carcinogenic compounds worldwide. There are well-known examples of salmonellosis in mice and pigs, necrotic enteritis in chickens, catfish enteric septicemia and colibacillosis in pigs as T-2 toxic agent. On the other hand, it has shown a significant reduction in the Salmonella population's aptitude in the pig intestinal tract. Although the impact of the excess Fusarium contaminants on humans in creating infectious illness is less well-known, some toxins are harmful; for example, salmonellosis and colibacillosis have been frequently observed in humans. More than 20 different metabolites are synthesized and excreted after ingestion, but the T-2 toxin is one of the most protuberant metabolites. Less absorption of mycotoxins in intestinal tract results in biotransformation of toxic metabolites into less toxic variants. In addition to these, effects of microbiota on harmful mycotoxins are not limited to intestinal tract, it may harm the other human vital organs. However, detoxification of microbiota is considered as an alternative way to decontaminate the feed for both animals and humans. These transformations of toxic metabolites depend upon the formation of metabolites. This study is complete in all perspectives regarding interactions between microbiota and mycotoxins, their mechanism and practical applications based on experimental studies.
霉菌毒素是由真菌自然产生的次生代谢产物或低分子有机化合物，具有高度多样性，可导致人和动物发生霉菌毒素中毒（食物污染）。T-2毒素只是属于真菌单端孢霉烯族毒素的代谢产物之一。具体而言，镰刀菌属的单端孢霉烯-2（T-2）霉菌毒素被认为是全球最热门的农产品和致癌化合物之一。有一些众所周知的例子，如小鼠和猪的沙门氏菌病、鸡的坏死性肠炎、鲶鱼的肠道败血症以及猪的大肠杆菌病，这些都是由T-2毒素引起的。另一方面，它已显示出猪肠道中沙门氏菌数量的显著减少。尽管过量镰刀菌污染物对人类造成传染病的影响鲜为人知，但一些毒素是有害的；例如，人类中经常观察到沙门氏菌病和大肠杆菌病。摄入后会合成并排出20多种不同的代谢产物，但T-2毒素是最突出的代谢产物之一。霉菌毒素在肠道中的吸收较少，导致有毒代谢产物生物转化为毒性较小的变体。除此之外，微生物群对有害霉菌毒素的影响不仅限于肠道，它可能会损害人体的其他重要器官。然而，微生物群的解毒作用被认为是一种净化动物和人类饲料的替代方法。这些有毒代谢产物的转化取决于代谢产物的形成。本研究从微生物群与霉菌毒素之间的相互作用、其机制以及基于实验研究的实际应用等所有角度进行了全面阐述。
