Emmerson Chris, John Bev, Faulkner Susan, Lancastle Deborah, Roderique-Davies Gareth
School of Psychology & Therapeutic Studies, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom.
Front Public Health. 2017 Nov 6;5:293. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00293. eCollection 2017.
Homeless adults frequently experience poor nutrition. Research suggests raising self-efficacy and nutritional knowledge can increase healthy eating but that the choice of specific behavioral change techniques (BCTs) is also critical. This study investigated how BCTs, operationalized to increase nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy, might influence the choice of homeless adults when presented with a "healthy" and an "unhealthy" snack.
A total of 125 homeless adults were randomly allocated to watch 1 of 4 brief films: "control," "[nutrition] information only," "self-efficacy" (aimed at increasing self-efficacy and general healthy eating knowledge), and "enhanced self-efficacy" (as "self-efficacy," but the presenter identified themselves as a homeless adult). Post-film, participants were invited to choose between a healthy and an unhealthy snack. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and chi square.
Participants in the "enhanced self-efficacy" condition were significantly more likely to choose the healthy option compared to those in the control condition; for the "self-efficacy" condition, the difference was marginally significant. Perceived knowledge and self-efficacy were significantly associated and those with high self-efficacy were significantly more likely to choose a healthy snack regardless of condition.
Homeless adults are more likely to make healthy snack choices if their nutritional self-efficacy is increased through encouragement by a peer.
无家可归的成年人经常营养不良。研究表明，提高自我效能感和营养知识可以增加健康饮食，但具体行为改变技术（BCTs）的选择也至关重要。本研究调查了为增加营养知识和自我效能感而实施的行为改变技术，在向无家可归的成年人提供“健康”和“不健康”零食时，可能会如何影响他们的选择。
总共125名无家可归的成年人被随机分配观看4部简短影片中的一部：“对照组”、“仅（营养）信息”、“自我效能感”（旨在提高自我效能感和一般健康饮食知识）和“增强自我效能感”（与“自我效能感”相同，但主持人表明自己是无家可归的成年人）。观看影片后，邀请参与者在健康零食和不健康零食之间进行选择。使用方差分析和卡方分析对数据进行分析。
与对照组相比，“增强自我效能感”组的参与者明显更有可能选择健康选项；对于“自我效能感”组，差异微显著。感知到的知识和自我效能感显著相关，无论处于何种情况，自我效能感高的人明显更有可能选择健康零食。
如果通过同伴鼓励提高无家可归成年人的营养自我效能感，他们更有可能做出健康的零食选择。
