Bashwari L A, Mandil A M, Bahnassy A A, Al-Shamsi M A, Bukhari H A
Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Med J. 2001 Feb;22(2):133-8.
To study the epidemiological, clinical and hematological profile of laboratory-diagnosed malaria cases at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, during the period from January 1990 to December 1999, and to provide suitable recommendations accordingly.
This was a clinical case series study of confirmed cases presenting to King Fahd Hospital of the University during the period from January 1990 to December 1999. A specially designed form was used for data collection and 602, laboratory-confirmed cases of malaria were retrospectively analyzed.
There were 602 cases with a mean age of 25.8 + 14.3 and a male to female ratio of 2.9:1. Less than half the cases were Saudis (42%), most of whom (93%) reported a history of travel to the Southwestern part of the Kingdom. The highest frequency of cases was observed in the years 1992, 1994 and 1998 and 40% of the cases were diagnosed during the months of February, March and September. Plasmodium falciparum was the most common species among Saudi (83%), Sudanese (72%) and Yemeni (64%) patients, while Plasmodium vivax was predominant among others. Most of these cases (75%) had a history of travel to their home countries (endemic areas). The most common clinical presentation was fever (97%), while the most common clinical signs were splenomegaly (9%) and jaundice (8%). Anemia (60%) and thrombocytopenia (53%) were the most common hematological findings.
Although it appears that the Eastern Province is still free of indigenous malaria transmission, this could not be confirmed by the data. Imported cases, however represent a continuous threat due to the existence of such vectors as Anopheles stephensi, Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles sergentii and Anopheles superpictus and a large number of non-immune persons. It is recommended that malaria be always considered in the differential diagnosis of all acute fevers, especially among those with a history of travel to an endemic area. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Chemoprophylaxis, when traveling to endemic areas is mandatory, as well as the use of other primary preventive measures to protect against mosquito bites.
研究1990年1月至1999年12月期间沙特阿拉伯胡拜尔法赫德国王大学医院实验室确诊的疟疾病例的流行病学、临床和血液学特征，并据此提供适当建议。
这是一项对1990年1月至1999年12月期间在法赫德国王大学医院就诊的确诊病例的临床病例系列研究。使用专门设计的表格进行数据收集，并对602例实验室确诊的疟疾病例进行回顾性分析。
共有602例病例，平均年龄为25.8±14.3岁，男女比例为2.9:1。不到一半的病例是沙特人（42%），其中大多数（93%）报告有前往沙特王国西南部的旅行史。病例数最高的年份是1992年、1994年和1998年，40%的病例在2月、3月和9月被诊断出来。恶性疟原虫是沙特（83%）、苏丹（72%）和也门（64%）患者中最常见的种类，而间日疟原虫在其他人群中占主导地位。这些病例中的大多数（75%）有前往其祖国（流行地区）的旅行史。最常见的临床表现是发热（97%），而最常见的临床体征是脾肿大（9%）和黄疸（8%）。贫血（60%）和血小板减少（53%）是最常见的血液学检查结果。
虽然东部省份似乎仍然没有本地疟疾传播，但数据无法证实这一点。然而，由于存在斯氏按蚊、溪流按蚊、塞氏按蚊和超级按蚊等病媒以及大量非免疫人群，输入性病例仍然构成持续威胁。建议在所有急性发热的鉴别诊断中始终考虑疟疾，特别是在有前往流行地区旅行史的人群中。及时诊断和治疗是必要的。前往流行地区时必须进行化学预防，以及采取其他主要预防措施防止蚊虫叮咬。
