Wünsch-Filho V, de Camargo E A
Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Semin Oncol. 2001 Apr;28(2):158-68. doi: 10.1053/sonc.2001.21958.
The incidence rates of mouth cancer vary from low to high among the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This review will examine incidence and mortality rates according to risk factors for the disease. Studies of local populations are reviewed and common patterns established. Although the incidence rate of mouth cancer is decreasing in some countries, a large increase is observed in southern South America. This trend will probably be maintained over the next few decades. Specific risk factors have been identified: high tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking prevalence, high intake of charcoal-grilled red meat, and mate drinking. The increase in tobacco smoking among females will have a strong impact on the incidence of mouth cancer in the future. In some Latin American and Caribbean countries, lay educational information on cancer is scant. The importance of improving information systems on cancer and the development of tobacco smoking and alcohol control programs are stressed. The training of health practitioners in the early detection and treatment of mouth lesions is a public health goal that could improve survival, but the difficulties encountered by people from the lowest socioeconomic strata in obtaining access to primary health care could hinder this objective. Semin Oncol 28:158-168.
口腔癌的发病率在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区各国之间差异较大，从低到高不等。本综述将根据该疾病的风险因素研究发病率和死亡率。对当地人群的研究进行了综述，并确定了常见模式。尽管一些国家的口腔癌发病率在下降，但南美洲南部却出现了大幅上升。这种趋势在未来几十年可能会持续。已确定了具体的风险因素：吸烟和饮酒的高流行率、大量摄入炭火烤制的红肉以及饮用马黛茶。女性吸烟率的上升将对未来口腔癌的发病率产生重大影响。在一些拉丁美洲和加勒比国家，关于癌症的大众教育信息匮乏。强调了改善癌症信息系统以及制定吸烟和酒精控制计划的重要性。培训卫生从业人员进行口腔病变的早期检测和治疗是一个公共卫生目标，有望提高生存率，但社会经济地位最低阶层的人群在获得初级卫生保健方面遇到的困难可能会阻碍这一目标的实现。《肿瘤学 Seminars》28:158 - 168。
