Domenico P, Baldassarri L, Schoch P E, Kaehler K, Sasatsu M, Cunha B A
Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, and State University of New York School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 May;45(5):1417-21. doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.5.1417-1421.2001.
Indwelling medical devices are associated with infectious complications. Incorporating antimicrobials into indwelling materials may reduce bacterial colonization. Bismuth thiols are antibiofilm agents with up to 1,000-fold-greater antibacterial activity than other bismuth salts. Staphylococci are particularly sensitive, as determined by agar diffusion and broth dilution susceptibility testing. Bismuth-ethanedithiol inhibited 10 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains at 0.9 to 1.8, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at 2.4, and S. epidermidis ATCC 12228 at 0.1 microM Bi(3+). Antiseptic-resistant S. aureus was sensitive to bismuth-2-3-dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) at < or = 7 microM Bi(3+). Hydrogel-coated polyurethane rods soaked in BisBAL inhibited S. epidermidis for 39 days (inhibitory zone diameter in agar, > or = 30 mm for > 25 days). Slime from 16 slime-producing S. epidermidis strains was inhibited significantly by bismuth-3,4-dimercaptotoluene (BisTOL), but not by AgNO3, at subinhibitory concentrations. In conclusion, bismuth-thiols are bacteriostatic and bactericidal against staphylococci, including resistant organisms, but are also inhibitors of slime at subinhibitory concentrations. At subinhibitory concentrations, BisTOL may be useful in preventing the colonization and infection of indwelling intravascular lines, since staphylococci are important pathogens in this setting.
植入式医疗设备与感染性并发症相关。将抗菌剂融入植入材料中可能会减少细菌定植。铋硫醇是一种抗生物膜剂，其抗菌活性比其他铋盐高1000倍。通过琼脂扩散和肉汤稀释药敏试验确定，葡萄球菌对其特别敏感。铋乙二硫醇在0.9至1.8微摩尔Bi(3+)浓度下可抑制10株耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌菌株，在2.4微摩尔Bi(3+)浓度下可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923，在0.1微摩尔Bi(3+)浓度下可抑制表皮葡萄球菌ATCC 12228。耐防腐剂金黄色葡萄球菌对铋-2-3-二巯基丙醇（BisBAL）在≤7微摩尔Bi(3+)浓度下敏感。浸泡在BisBAL中的水凝胶涂层聚氨酯棒对表皮葡萄球菌的抑制作用长达39天（琼脂中的抑菌圈直径在25天以上≥30毫米）。在亚抑菌浓度下，铋-3,4-二巯基甲苯（BisTOL）可显著抑制16株产黏液表皮葡萄球菌菌株产生的黏液，但硝酸银则无此作用。总之，铋硫醇对葡萄球菌具有抑菌和杀菌作用，包括耐药菌，且在亚抑菌浓度下也是黏液抑制剂。在亚抑菌浓度下，BisTOL可能有助于预防植入式血管内导管的定植和感染，因为葡萄球菌是这种情况下的重要病原体。
