Yen W M
Behav Genet. 1975 Jul;5(3):281-93. doi: 10.1007/BF01066180.
Four paper-and-pencil spatial tests, measuring two- and three-dimesional spatial visualization and spatial orientation, were administered to 2508 Caucasian high-school students. Sibling correlations and within-sex score distributions were examined for the influence of a major sex-linked gene. Sex-linked influences were most clear on the test of two-dimensional visualization and on an average of the standard scores on all the tests. For those tests best fitting the genetic model, estimates of the frequency of the recessive gene (contributing to good performance) we-re near 0.45. There was evidence of incomplete dominance in females. Environmental or non-sex-linked genetic factors influenced spatial performance but did not systematically improve performance with age.
对2508名白人高中生进行了四项纸笔空间测试，测量二维和三维空间可视化以及空间定向。研究了同胞相关性和性别内分数分布，以考察一个主要的性连锁基因的影响。性连锁影响在二维可视化测试以及所有测试标准分数的平均值上最为明显。对于最符合遗传模型的那些测试，隐性基因（有助于良好表现）的频率估计接近0.45。有证据表明女性存在不完全显性。环境或非性连锁遗传因素影响空间表现，但不会随着年龄增长而系统性地提高表现。
