Dropkin M J
Long Island University School of Nursing, NY 11201-5372, USA.
Cancer Nurs. 2001 Apr;24(2):143-8. doi: 10.1097/00002820-200104000-00010.
Little is reported in the scientific literature about the modulating effect of anxiety on the coping process before and after surgical treatment for head and neck cancer.
The major purpose of this article is to describe the relationships among preoperative anxiety and use of coping strategies, and postoperative self-care and resocialization behaviors in patients who sustain facial disfigurement/dysfunction with head and neck cancer surgery.
Using a prospective descriptive design, 75 (N = 75) adults who were about to sustain facial disfigurement and dysfunction associated with head and neck cancer surgery were entered into the study. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire were administered to the respondents. The Disfigurement/Dysfunction Scale and Coping Behaviors Score values were calculated by the investigator.
Self-care and anxiety were significantly correlated on postoperative day 4 (r = 2.30; p < .05) and on postoperative day 5 (r = 2.35; p < .05). For the 3 days under study, the relationship between total self-care and anxiety became stronger on postoperative day 5 (r = 2.39; p < .01), indicating that self-care on postoperative day 4 is related to reduced anxiety on postoperative day 5. In other words, self-care appears to precede reduction in anxiety in this sample. Secondly, there was a negative relationship between self-care and anxiety that increased over the early postoperative period.
This study prospectively documents anxiety in surgical head and neck cancer patients. The findings suggest that at a specific point in time (postoperative day 5), self-care precedes reduction in anxiety, and that this negative relationship increases over time. Additional investigation is now critical in order to describe long-term recovery after surgical treatment for head and neck cancer and to develop appropriate interventions to meet the unique needs of this population.
科学文献中关于焦虑对头颈部癌症手术治疗前后应对过程的调节作用报道较少。
本文的主要目的是描述头颈部癌症手术导致面部毁容/功能障碍患者术前焦虑与应对策略的使用，以及术后自我护理和重新融入社会行为之间的关系。
采用前瞻性描述性设计，75名即将接受与头颈部癌症手术相关的面部毁容和功能障碍的成年人纳入研究。对受访者进行状态-特质焦虑量表和应对方式问卷测试。研究者计算毁容/功能障碍量表和应对行为得分值。
术后第4天（r = 2.30；p <.05）和术后第5天（r = 2.35；p <.05），自我护理与焦虑显著相关。在研究的3天中，术后第5天总自我护理与焦虑之间的关系变得更强（r = 2.39；p <.01），表明术后第4天的自我护理与术后第5天焦虑的减轻有关。换句话说，在这个样本中，自我护理似乎先于焦虑的减轻。其次，自我护理与焦虑之间存在负相关，且在术后早期有所增加。
本研究前瞻性记录了头颈部癌症手术患者的焦虑情况。研究结果表明，在特定时间点（术后第5天），自我护理先于焦虑的减轻，且这种负相关关系随时间增加。现在进行进一步调查对于描述头颈部癌症手术治疗后的长期恢复情况以及制定满足该人群独特需求的适当干预措施至关重要。
