Department of Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Aug;104(4):1167-73. doi: 10.1603/ec10425.
Yellow dwarf is a major disease problem of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in Alabama and is estimated to cause yield loss of 21-42 bu/acre. The disease is caused by a complex of viruses comprising several virus species, including Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV. Several other strains have not yet been classified into a specific species. The viruses are transmitted exclusively by aphids (Hemiptera:Aphididae). Between the 2005 and 2008 winter wheat seasons, aphids were surveyed in the beginning of each planting season in several wheat plots in Alabama and western Florida Collected aphids were identified and bioassayed for their yellow dwarf virus infectivity. This survey program was designed to identify the aphid species that serve as fall vectors of yellow dwarf virus into winter wheat plantings. From 2005 to 2008, bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.); rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki); and greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were found consistently between October and December. The species of aphids and their timing of appearance in wheat plots were consistent with flight data collected in North Alabama between 1996 and 1999. Both R. padi and R. rufiabdominale were found to carry and transmit Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV. The number of collected aphids and proportion of viruliferous aphids were low. Although this study has shown that both aphids are involved with introduction of yellow dwarf virus to winter wheat in Alabama and western Florida, no conclusions can be made as to which species may be the most important vector of yellow dwarf virus in the region.
黄矮病是阿拉巴马州小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的主要病害问题，估计会导致每英亩 21-42 蒲式耳的产量损失。该疾病是由几种病毒组成的病毒复合体引起的，包括大麦黄矮病毒-PAV 和禾谷黄矮病毒-RPV。还有其他几种尚未分类为特定物种的菌株。这些病毒仅通过蚜虫（半翅目：蚜虫科）传播。在 2005 年至 2008 年冬小麦季节期间，在阿拉巴马州和佛罗里达州西部的几个小麦田块中，在每个种植季节开始时调查蚜虫。收集的蚜虫被鉴定并进行生物测定，以确定其黄矮病毒感染力。该调查计划旨在确定作为黄矮病毒秋季载体进入冬小麦种植的蚜虫物种。从 2005 年到 2008 年，在 10 月至 12 月期间， consistently 发现了禾谷缢管蚜（Rhopalosiphum padi（L.））、水稻根蚜（Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale（Sasaki））和麦长管蚜（Schizaphis graminum（Rondani））。蚜虫的物种及其在小麦田块中的出现时间与 1996 年至 1999 年期间在北阿拉巴马州收集的飞行数据一致。发现 R. padi 和 R. rufiabdominale 都携带并传播大麦黄矮病毒-PAV 和禾谷黄矮病毒-RPV。收集的蚜虫数量和毒蚜虫比例都很低。尽管这项研究表明，这两种蚜虫都参与了黄矮病向阿拉巴马州和佛罗里达州西部冬小麦的传播，但不能得出关于哪种物种可能是该地区黄矮病最重要传播者的结论。
