Royer T A, Giles K L, Nyamanzi T, Hunger R M, Krenzer E G, Elliot N C, Kindler S D, Payton M
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Feb;98(1):95-102. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.1.95.
The effects of planting date and application rate of imidacloprid for control of Schizaphis graminum Rondani, Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in hard red winter wheat were studied. The first experiment was conducted from 1997 to 1999 at two locations and consisted of three planting dates and four rates of imidacloprid-treated seed. The second experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2002 in Stillwater, OK, and consisted of two varieties of hard red winter wheat seed and four rates of imidacloprid. Aphid densities, occurrence of BYDV, yield components, and final grain yield were measured, and yield differences were used to estimate the economic return obtained from using imidacloprid. In the first study, aphid populations responded to insecticide rate in the early and middle plantings, but the response was reduced in the late planting. Yields increased as insecticide rate increased but did not always result in a positive economic return. In the second study, imidacloprid seed treatments reduced aphid numbers and BYD occurrence, protected yield, and resulted in a positive economic return. The presence of aphids and BYDV lowered yield by reducing fertile head density, total kernel weight, and test weight. Whereas the application of imidacloprid seed treatments often provided positive yield protection, it did not did not consistently provide a positive economic return. A positive economic return was consistently obtained if the cereal aphid was carrying and transmitting BYDV and was more likely to occur if wheat was treated with a low rate if imidacloprid and planted in a "dual purpose" planting date window.
研究了吡虫啉的播种日期和施用量对硬红冬小麦中麦二叉蚜、禾谷缢管蚜（同翅目：蚜科）和大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）的防治效果。第一个试验于1997年至1999年在两个地点进行，包括三个播种日期和四种吡虫啉处理种子的用量。第二个试验于2001年至2002年在俄克拉何马州斯蒂尔沃特进行，包括两个硬红冬小麦种子品种和四种吡虫啉用量。测量了蚜虫密度、BYDV的发生情况、产量构成因素和最终籽粒产量，并利用产量差异来估算使用吡虫啉获得的经济回报。在第一项研究中，蚜虫种群对早期和中期播种的杀虫剂用量有反应，但后期播种的反应有所降低。产量随着杀虫剂用量的增加而增加，但并不总是带来正的经济回报。在第二项研究中，吡虫啉种子处理减少了蚜虫数量和BYD的发生，保护了产量，并带来了正的经济回报。蚜虫和BYDV的存在通过降低可育穗密度、总粒重和容重而降低了产量。虽然吡虫啉种子处理的应用通常能提供积极的产量保护，但并不总是能带来正的经济回报。如果谷物蚜虫携带并传播BYDV，且在小麦用低剂量吡虫啉处理并在“两用”播种日期窗口内播种时更有可能获得正的经济回报。
