Somauroo J D, Pyatt J R, Jackson M, Perry R A, Ramsdale D R
The Cardiothoracic Centre, Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK.
Heart. 2001 Jun;85(6):649-54. doi: 10.1136/heart.85.6.649.
To assess physiological cardiac adaptation in adolescent professional soccer players.
Over a 32 month period 172 teenage soccer players were screened by echocardiography and ECG at a tertiary referral cardiothoracic centre. They were from six professional soccer teams in the north west of England, competing in the English Football League. One was excluded because of an atrial septal defect. The median age of the 171 players assessed was 16.7 years (5th to 95th centile range: 14-19) and median body surface area 1.68 m(2) (1.39-2.06 m(2)).
Standard echocardiographic measurements were compared with predicted mean, lower, and upper limits in a cohort of normal controls after matching for age and surface area. Univariate regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between echocardiographic variables and the age and surface area of the soccer player cohort. ECG findings were also assessed.
All mean echocardiographic variables were greater than predicted for age and surface area matched controls (p < 0.001). All variables except left ventricular septal and posterior wall thickness showed a modest linear correlation with surface area (r = 0.2 to 0.4, p < 0.001); however, left ventricular mass was the only variable that was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.2, p < 0.01). Only six players (3.5%) had structural anomalies, none of which required further evaluation. All had normal left ventricular systolic function. Sinus bradycardia was found in 65 (39%). The Solokow-Lyon voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy were present in 85 (50%) and the Romhilt-Estes points score (five or more) in 29 (17%). Repolarisation changes were present in 19 (11%), mainly in the inferior leads.
Chamber dimensions, left ventricular wall thickness and mass, and aortic root size were all greater than predicted for controls after matching for age and surface area. Sinus bradycardia and the ECG criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy were common but there was poor correlation with echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. The type of hypertrophy found reflected the combined endurance and strength based training undertaken.
评估青少年职业足球运动员心脏的生理适应性。
在32个月的时间里，一家三级转诊心胸中心通过超声心动图和心电图对172名青少年足球运动员进行了筛查。他们来自英格兰西北部的六支职业足球队，参加英格兰足球联赛。其中一名因房间隔缺损被排除。接受评估的171名运动员的中位年龄为16.7岁（第5至95百分位数范围：14 - 19岁），中位体表面积为1.68平方米（1.39 - 2.06平方米）。
在按年龄和体表面积匹配后，将标准超声心动图测量值与一组正常对照的预测均值、下限和上限进行比较。采用单因素回归分析评估超声心动图变量与足球运动员队列的年龄和体表面积之间的相关性。还对心电图结果进行了评估。
所有超声心动图变量的均值均高于年龄和体表面积匹配的对照预测值（p < 0.001）。除左心室间隔和后壁厚度外，所有变量与体表面积均呈适度线性相关（r = 0.2至0.4，p < 0.001）；然而，左心室质量是唯一与年龄显著相关的变量（r = 0.2，p < 0.01）。只有6名运动员（3.5%）有结构异常，均无需进一步评估。所有运动员左心室收缩功能均正常。65名（39%）发现窦性心动过缓。85名（50%）符合左心室肥大的索洛科夫 - 莱昂电压标准，29名（17%）符合罗米尔 - 埃斯特点数评分（5分或更高）。19名（11%）有复极改变，主要在II、III、aVF导联。
在按年龄和体表面积匹配后，腔室大小、左心室壁厚度和质量以及主动脉根部大小均大于对照预测值。窦性心动过缓和左心室肥大的心电图标准很常见，但与超声心动图左心室肥大的相关性较差。所发现的肥大类型反映了所进行的耐力和力量综合训练。
