Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Finland.
Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Finland.
J Athl Train. 2021 May 1;56(5):484-490. doi: 10.4085/78-20.
Much information is available on electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) changes in senior athletes. However, corresponding data on adolescent athletes are scarce.
To study the differences in resting ECG and BP values among adolescent endurance athletes, nonendurance athletes, and nonathletes.
Cross-sectional study.
A total of 154 youth sports clubs in Finland and 100 secondary schools for comparison data.
We recruited young athletes (n = 410) aged 14 to 16 years in 10 popular sport disciplines, including winter and summer as well as team and individual sports, and categorized them as endurance or nonendurance sports. Comparison data for age-matched, non-sports club participants (n = 164) were collected via secondary schools.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Resting ECG, including heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QRS axis, QRS amplitude, T axis, and QT interval as well as systolic and diastolic BPs.
No differences in any ECG variable of interest were found between the endurance and nonendurance athletes. The PR interval was longer in endurance athletes than in nonathletes (P = .05). The QRS amplitude (P = .03) was higher among nonendurance athletes than among nonathletes. Diastolic BP was lower among endurance (P = .002) and nonendurance (P = .02) athletes than among nonathletes. Endurance athletes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.81, 4.50) and nonendurance athletes (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.43, 3.35) were more likely to have sinus bradycardia than were nonathletes. Nonendurance athletes were more likely to have elevated systolic BP than were endurance athletes (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.72) and nonathletes (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.87).
Young athletes had similar ECG and BP findings independent of their sports. Physiological adaptations including sinus bradycardia, higher QRS amplitude, and lower diastolic BP, which are commonly seen in adult athletes, were also present in adolescent athletes.
关于心电图（ECG）和血压（BP）在老年运动员中的变化，有很多信息。然而，关于青少年运动员的相应数据却很少。
研究青少年耐力运动员、非耐力运动员和非运动员之间静息心电图和 BP 值的差异。
横断面研究。
芬兰的 154 个青年体育俱乐部和 100 所中学作为对照数据。
我们招募了 10 种流行运动项目中年龄在 14 至 16 岁的年轻运动员（n = 410），包括冬季和夏季项目以及团队和个人项目，并将他们分为耐力或非耐力运动项目。通过中学收集了与年龄匹配的非体育俱乐部参与者（n = 164）的对照数据。
静息心电图，包括心率、PR 间期、QRS 持续时间、QRS 轴、QRS 振幅、T 轴和 QT 间期以及收缩压和舒张压。
耐力运动员和非耐力运动员之间没有任何感兴趣的心电图变量存在差异。与非运动员相比，耐力运动员的 PR 间期更长（P =.05）。与非运动员相比，非耐力运动员的 QRS 振幅更高（P =.03）。与非运动员相比，耐力运动员（比值比[OR] = 2.85；95%置信区间[CI] = 1.81, 4.50）和非耐力运动员（OR = 2.19；95%CI = 1.43, 3.35）更有可能出现窦性心动过缓。与耐力运动员（OR = 1.70；95%CI = 1.07, 2.72）和非运动员（OR = 1.73；95%CI = 1.04, 2.87）相比，非耐力运动员更有可能出现收缩压升高。
年轻运动员的心电图和 BP 表现相似，不受其运动的影响。包括窦性心动过缓、更高的 QRS 振幅和更低的舒张压在内的生理适应，这些在成年运动员中常见的现象，也存在于青少年运动员中。
