Fullilove M T
New York State Psychiatric Institute, and Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA.
J Urban Health. 2001 Mar;78(1):72-80. doi: 10.1093/jurban/78.1.72.
Urban renewal was one of several processes that contributed to deurbanization of American cities in the second half of the 20th century. Urban renewal was an important federal policy that affected thousands of communities in hundreds of cities. Urban renewal was to achieve "clearance" of "blight" and "slum" areas so that they could be rebuilt for new uses other than housing the poor. Urban renewal programs fell disproportionately on African American communities, leading to the slogan "Urban renewal is Negro removal." The short-term consequences were dire, including loss of money, loss of social organization, and psychological trauma. The long-term consequences flow from the social paralysis of dispossession, most important, a collapse of political action. This has important implications for the well-being of African Americans. It also raises important questions about the strength and quality of American democracy.
城市更新是导致20世纪下半叶美国城市去城市化的若干进程之一。城市更新是一项重要的联邦政策，影响了数百个城市中的数千个社区。城市更新旨在实现对“破败”和“贫民窟”地区的“清理”，以便对这些地区进行重建，用于除为贫困人口提供住房以外的新用途。城市更新计划对非裔美国人社区的影响尤为严重，由此产生了“城市更新就是赶走黑人”这一口号。其短期后果是灾难性的，包括资金损失、社会组织瓦解和心理创伤。长期后果则源于剥夺所导致的社会瘫痪，其中最重要的是政治行动的崩溃。这对非裔美国人的福祉具有重要影响。它还引发了有关美国民主的力量和质量的重要问题。
