历史结构性种族主义对宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼县居民的建筑环境和身体健康的影响。

Historical Structural Racism in the Built Environment and Physical Health among Residents of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

Learning Research and Development Center, 3420 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

出版信息

J Urban Health. 2024 Aug;101(4):713-729. doi: 10.1007/s11524-024-00884-6.

Abstract

Historical structural racism in the built environment contributes to health inequities, yet to date, research has almost exclusively focused on racist policy of redlining. We expand upon this conceptualization of historical structural racism by examining the potential associations of probable blockbusting, urban renewal, and proximity to displacement from freeway construction, along with redlining, to multiple contemporary health measures. Analyses linked historical structural racism, measured continuously at the census-tract level using archival data sources, to present-day residents' physical health measures drawn from publicly accessible records for Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Outcome measures included average life expectancy and the percentage of residents reporting hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, smoking, insufficient sleep, sedentary behavior, and no health insurance coverage. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine separate and additive associations between structural racism and physical health measures. Redlining, probable blockbusting, and urban renewal were associated with shorter life expectancy and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular conditions, risky health behaviors, and residents lacking health insurance coverage. Probable blockbusting and urban renewal had the most consistent correlations with all 8 health measures, while freeway displacement was not reliably associated with health. Additive models explained a greater proportion of variance in health than any individual structural racism measure alone. Moreover, probable blockbusting and urban renewal accounted for relatively more variance in health compared to redlining, suggesting that research should consider these other measures in addition to redlining. These preliminary correlational findings underscore the importance of considering multiple aspects of historical structural racism in relation to current health inequities and serve as a starting point for additional research.

摘要

历史上建筑环境中的结构性种族主义导致了健康不平等,但迄今为止,研究几乎完全集中在种族主义的红线政策上。我们通过考察可能的破坏式分区、城市更新以及与高速公路建设导致的流离失所的接近程度,以及红线政策与多种当代健康指标的潜在关联,扩展了对历史结构性种族主义的概念化理解。分析将历史结构性种族主义连续地在普查区层面上进行衡量,使用档案数据来源来衡量宾夕法尼亚州阿勒格尼县的当前居民的身体健康指标。结果测量包括平均预期寿命和报告高血压、中风、冠心病、吸烟、睡眠不足、久坐行为和没有医疗保险的居民比例。进行了多元回归分析,以检验结构性种族主义与身体健康指标之间的单独和附加关联。红线政策、可能的破坏式分区和城市更新与预期寿命缩短和心血管疾病、高风险健康行为以及没有医疗保险的居民比例增加有关。可能的破坏式分区和城市更新与所有 8 项健康指标的相关性最一致,而高速公路的拆迁与健康没有可靠的关联。加性模型比任何单一的结构性种族主义指标单独解释了更多的健康差异。此外,可能的破坏式分区和城市更新与红线政策相比,对健康的差异解释更多,这表明研究除了红线政策之外,还应该考虑这些其他措施。这些初步的相关性发现强调了考虑历史结构性种族主义的多个方面与当前健康不平等之间的重要性,并为进一步研究提供了起点。

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