Szczech L A
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Jul 1;33(1):115-9. doi: 10.1086/320893. Epub 2001 Jun 5.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)--associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and other glomerular lesions (e.g., immunoglobulin A nephropathy and immune complex glomerulonephritis) are frequent complications of HIV infection. These renal diseases usually present as a nephrotic syndrome with progressive loss of renal function and an increased risk of mortality. The prevalence and epidemiology of these renal lesions remain largely undefined; however, most studies agree that black race is a major risk factor for HIVAN. Observational studies have suggested that antiretroviral medications and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have beneficial effects on slowing the progression of renal disease among patients with HIVAN; however, little is known about the effect of these therapies on other renal lesions. Future research should focus on gaining a better understanding of the distribution and determinants of renal disease among HIV-infected patients as well as on performing controlled studies to test treatment strategies.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关性肾病（HIVAN）及其他肾小球病变（如免疫球蛋白A肾病和免疫复合物性肾小球肾炎）是HIV感染常见的并发症。这些肾脏疾病通常表现为肾病综合征，伴有肾功能进行性丧失及死亡风险增加。这些肾脏病变的患病率和流行病学情况仍大多未明；然而，大多数研究认为黑人种族是HIVAN的主要危险因素。观察性研究提示，抗逆转录病毒药物和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对减缓HIVAN患者肾病进展有有益作用；然而，对于这些疗法对其他肾脏病变的影响知之甚少。未来的研究应着重于更好地了解HIV感染患者中肾脏疾病的分布及决定因素，以及开展对照研究以测试治疗策略。
