Harrier L A, Millam S
Plant and Crop Science Division, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, West Lothian, Scotland, UK.
Mol Biotechnol. 2001 May;18(1):25-33. doi: 10.1385/MB:18:1:25.
Gene transfer systems have proved effective for the transformation of a range of organisms for both fundamental and applied studies. Biolistic transformation is a powerful method for the gene transfer into various organisms and tissues that have proved recalcitrant to more conventional means. For fungi, the biolistic approach is particularly effective where protoplasts are difficult to obtain and/or the organisms are difficult to culture. This is particularly applicable to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, being as they are obligate symbionts that can only be propagated in association with intact plants or root explants. Furthermore, these fungi are aseptate and protoplasts cannot be released. Recent advancements in gene transformation systems have enabled the use of biolistic technology to introduce foreign DNA linked to molecular markers into these fungi. In this review we discuss the development of transformation strategies for AM fungi by biolistics and highlight the areas of this technology which require further development for the stable transformation of these elusive organisms.
基因转移系统已被证明在基础研究和应用研究中对一系列生物体的转化都是有效的。基因枪转化是一种将基因导入各种生物体和组织的强大方法，这些生物体和组织已被证明对更传统的方法具有抗性。对于真菌来说，基因枪方法在难以获得原生质体和/或难以培养生物体的情况下特别有效。这尤其适用于丛枝菌根（AM）真菌，因为它们是专性共生体，只能与完整植物或根外植体一起繁殖。此外，这些真菌是无隔膜的，无法释放原生质体。基因转化系统的最新进展使得利用基因枪技术将与分子标记相连的外源DNA导入这些真菌成为可能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了通过基因枪技术对AM真菌进行转化策略的发展，并强调了该技术在稳定转化这些难以捉摸的生物体方面需要进一步发展的领域。
