Lu Q Y, Hung J C, Heber D, Go V L, Reuter V E, Cordon-Cardo C, Scher H I, Marshall J R, Zhang Z F
Center for Human Nutrition, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Jul;10(7):749-56.
Although dietary intake of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene has been reported to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, few studies have been done on the relationship between plasma lycopene and other carotenoids and prostate cancer. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the effects of plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and retinol, as well as alpha- and gamma-tocopherols on the risk of prostate cancer. The study included 65 patients with prostate cancer and 132 cancer-free controls; all of them were interviewed using a standard epidemiological questionnaire at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1993 to 1997. Plasma levels of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. An unconditional logistic regression model was used in bivariate and multivariate analyses using Statistical Analysis System (SAS). After adjusting for age, race, years of education, daily caloric intake, pack-years of smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of prostate cancer, significantly inverse associations with prostate cancer were observed with plasma concentrations of the following carotenoids: lycopene [odds ratio (OR), 0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04-0.78; P for trend, 0.0052] and zeaxanthin (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.83; P for trend, 0.0028) when comparing highest with lowest quartiles. Borderline associations were found for lutein (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.09-1.03; P for trend, 0.0064) and beta-cryptoxanthin (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.08-1.24; P for trend, 0.0666). No obvious associations were found for alpha- and beta-carotenes, retinol, and alpha- and gamma-tocopherols. Our study confirmed the inverse associations between lycopene, other carotenoids such as zeaxanthin, lutein, and beta-cryptoxanthin, and prostate cancer. This study provides justification for further research on the associations between lycopene and other antioxidants and the risk of prostate cancer.
尽管据报道，通过饮食摄入含有番茄红素的西红柿及番茄制品可降低前列腺癌风险，但针对血浆番茄红素及其他类胡萝卜素与前列腺癌之间关系的研究却很少。本病例对照研究旨在调查血浆番茄红素、其他类胡萝卜素、视黄醇以及α-和γ-生育酚对前列腺癌风险的影响。该研究纳入了65例前列腺癌患者和132例无癌对照者；1993年至1997年期间，在纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心，所有研究对象均接受了标准流行病学问卷调查。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆类胡萝卜素、视黄醇和生育酚水平。使用统计分析系统（SAS）进行双变量和多变量分析时，采用无条件逻辑回归模型。在对年龄、种族、受教育年限、每日热量摄入、吸烟包年数、饮酒量和前列腺癌家族史进行校正后，将最高四分位数与最低四分位数进行比较时，发现以下类胡萝卜素的血浆浓度与前列腺癌存在显著负相关：番茄红素[比值比（OR），0.17；95%置信区间（CI），0.04 - 0.78；趋势P值，0.0052]和玉米黄质（OR，0.22；95%CI，0.06 - 0.83；趋势P值，0.0028）。叶黄素（OR，0.30；95%CI，0.09 - 1.03；趋势P值，0.0064）和β-隐黄质（OR，0.31；95%CI，0.08 - 1.24；趋势P值，0.0666）存在临界相关性。α-和β-胡萝卜素、视黄醇以及α-和γ-生育酚未发现明显相关性。我们的研究证实了番茄红素、其他类胡萝卜素如玉米黄质、叶黄素和β-隐黄质与前列腺癌之间的负相关。本研究为进一步探究番茄红素及其他抗氧化剂与前列腺癌风险之间的关联提供了依据。
