Chang Shine, Erdman John W, Clinton Steven K, Vadiveloo Maya, Strom Sara S, Yamamura Yuko, Duphorne Cherie M, Spitz Margaret R, Amos Christopher I, Contois John H, Gu Xiangjun, Babaian Richard J, Scardino Peter T, Hursting Stephen D
Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Nutr Cancer. 2005;53(2):127-34. doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc5302_1.
Carotenoids, particularly lycopene, are thought to decrease prostate cancer risk, but the relationship between plasma carotenoid concentrations and risk in various populations has not been well characterized. Comparing 118 non-Hispanic Caucasian men mainly from southeast Texas with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with 52 healthy men from the same area, we conducted a case-control analysis evaluating associations between risk and plasma levels of total carotenoids, beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha- and trans-beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, total lycopenes, trans-lycopene, total cis-lycopenes, and cis-lycopene isoforms 1, 2, 3, and 5. Risk for men with high plasma levels of alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein and zeaxanthin was less than half that for those with lower levels. In contrast, we observed no significant associations for total lycopenes, all-trans-lycopene, and cis-lycopene isomer peaks 2, 3, and 5, although high levels of cis-lycopene isomer peak 1 were inversely associated with risk. Analysis of men with aggressive disease (Gleason scores of > or =7, n = 88) vs. less aggressive cases (Gleason scores of <7, n = 30) failed to reveal significant associations between carotenoid levels and the risk of diagnosis with aggressive disease. These findings suggest that, in these men, higher circulating levels of alpha-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and lutein and zeaxanthin may contribute to lower prostate cancer risk but not to disease progression.
类胡萝卜素，尤其是番茄红素，被认为可降低前列腺癌风险，但血浆类胡萝卜素浓度与不同人群风险之间的关系尚未得到充分阐明。我们将118名主要来自得克萨斯州东南部的非西班牙裔白人非转移性前列腺癌患者与52名来自同一地区的健康男性进行比较，开展了一项病例对照分析，评估总类胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、α-和反式-β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素和玉米黄质、总番茄红素、反式番茄红素、总顺式番茄红素以及顺式番茄红素异构体1、2、3和5的血浆水平与风险之间的关联。血浆α-胡萝卜素、反式-β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质以及叶黄素和玉米黄质水平高的男性，其风险不到水平较低者的一半。相比之下，我们未观察到总番茄红素、全反式番茄红素和顺式番茄红素异构体峰2、3和5有显著关联，不过顺式番茄红素异构体峰1水平高与风险呈负相关。对侵袭性疾病患者（Gleason评分≥7，n = 88）与侵袭性较低病例（Gleason评分<7，n = 30）进行分析，未发现类胡萝卜素水平与侵袭性疾病诊断风险之间存在显著关联。这些发现表明，在这些男性中，循环中较高水平的α-隐黄质、α-胡萝卜素、反式-β-胡萝卜素以及叶黄素和玉米黄质可能有助于降低前列腺癌风险，但与疾病进展无关。
