National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
Nutrients. 2018 Jan 11;10(1):70. doi: 10.3390/nu10010070.
The incidence of prostate cancer has increased in Vietnam, but there have been few studies of the risk factors associated with this change. This retrospective case-control study investigated the relation of the intake of carotenoids and their food sources to prostate cancer risk. A sample of 652 participants (244 incident prostate cancer patients, aged 64-75 years, and 408 age frequency-matched controls) were recruited in Ho Chi Minh City during 2013-2015. The habitual diet was ascertained with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and other factors including demographic and lifestyle characteristics were assessed via face-to-face interviews by trained nurses. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. The risk of prostate cancer decreased with increasing intakes of lycopene, tomatoes, and carrots; the respective ORs (95% CIs) were 0.46 (0.27, 0.77), 0.39 (0.23, 0.66), and 0.35 (0.21, 0.58), when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of intake ( for trend < 0.01). No statistically significant associations were found for the intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and major food sources of carotenoids. In conclusion, Vietnamese men with a higher intake of lycopene, tomatoes, and carrots may have a lower risk of prostate cancer. However, large prospective studies are needed in this population to confirm this finding.
越南前列腺癌的发病率有所增加，但针对与这种变化相关的风险因素的研究却很少。本回顾性病例对照研究调查了类胡萝卜素及其食物来源的摄入量与前列腺癌风险之间的关系。在 2013 年至 2015 年期间，在胡志明市招募了 652 名参与者（244 名新发前列腺癌患者，年龄 64-75 岁，408 名年龄频数匹配的对照者）。通过验证后的食物频率问卷确定习惯性饮食，通过经过培训的护士进行面对面访谈评估其他因素，包括人口统计学和生活方式特征。使用非条件逻辑回归模型估计多变量调整后的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。随着番茄红素、西红柿和胡萝卜摄入量的增加，前列腺癌的风险降低；相应的 OR（95%CI）分别为 0.46（0.27，0.77）、0.39（0.23，0.66）和 0.35（0.21，0.58），当比较摄入量最高和最低三分位时（趋势检验<0.01）。摄入α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、叶黄素、玉米黄质和类胡萝卜素的主要食物来源与前列腺癌风险之间无统计学显著关联。总之，摄入番茄红素、西红柿和胡萝卜较多的越南男性可能患前列腺癌的风险较低。然而，需要在该人群中进行大型前瞻性研究来证实这一发现。
