Steyn K, Hoffman M, Levitt N S, Lombard C J, Fourie J M
Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Ethn Dis. 2001 Spring-Summer;11(2):296-302.
To assess the feasibility of a 5-year community-based tobacco control program in the community of Mamre in South Africa, while measuring the smoking and quitting rates at the beginning and end of this demonstration project.
A tobacco intervention program was developed at low cost in collaboration with the community, and involved a wide range of activities targeting people of all ages, especially those at risk for cardiovascular disease. Community members were trained to deliver smoking cessation programs and specific advice to smokers. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 1989 in a random sample of 1238 people, aged 15 years and older, prior to the 5-year demonstration project, and again in 1996 among 974 people at the end of the project. Demographic data and smoking and quitting patterns were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaires. Trained field workers used standardized procedures for recording blood pressure, height, and weight.
The community participated with enthusiasm in the activities surrounding smoking cessation and the annual World No Smoking Day. The smoking rate decreased significantly between the two surveys (OR 1996/1989 = 0.82; 95% CI of 0.69-0.99), and the quitting rate increased significantly during the 5-year intervention period compared to the 5 years prior to the baseline survey (OR 1996/1989 = 0.74; 95% CI of 0.57-0.98). Men who participated in the program but continued to use tobacco in 1996 smoked more cigarettes than those who smoked in 1989. People who quit during the intervention period tended to be older, hypertensive, and obese; they consumed no alcohol, and noticed the health warnings posted in the community if they were older and had 10 or more years of education.
A low-cost community-based tobacco control program was successfully implemented in the Mamre community. The program was received enthusiastically, built tobacco cessation skills, and significantly reduced the community's smoking rate compared to that before the demonstration project.
评估在南非马姆雷社区开展一项为期5年的社区烟草控制项目的可行性，同时测量该示范项目开始和结束时的吸烟率及戒烟率。
与社区合作，以低成本制定了一项烟草干预项目，该项目涉及针对所有年龄段人群，尤其是心血管疾病高危人群的广泛活动。培训社区成员开展戒烟项目并向吸烟者提供具体建议。在1989年，即5年示范项目开展前，对1238名15岁及以上的随机抽样人群进行了横断面调查；在1996年，即项目结束时，又对974人进行了调查。通过访员管理的问卷收集人口统计学数据以及吸烟和戒烟模式。经过培训的现场工作人员使用标准化程序记录血压、身高和体重。
社区积极参与了围绕戒烟和年度世界无烟日开展的活动。两次调查之间吸烟率显著下降（1996年/1989年的比值比=0.82；95%置信区间为0.69 - 0.99），与基线调查前的5年相比，在5年干预期间戒烟率显著上升（1996年/1989年的比值比=0.74；95%置信区间为0.57 - 0.98）。1996年参与项目但仍继续吸烟的男性比1989年吸烟的男性吸烟量更多。在干预期间戒烟的人群往往年龄较大、患有高血压且肥胖；他们不饮酒，并且如果年龄较大且接受了10年或更长时间的教育，会注意到社区张贴的健康警示。
在马姆雷社区成功实施了一项低成本的社区烟草控制项目。该项目受到热烈欢迎，培养了戒烟技能，与示范项目开展前相比，显著降低了社区的吸烟率。
