Shatenstein B, Kergoat M J, Nadon S
Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Queen Mary, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3W 1W5.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Aug;56(8):M483-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.8.m483.
Numerous changes in body composition occur with aging. This study reports on secondary analyses of data from a subsample of institutionalized and free-living elderly Canadians taking part in both phases of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA-1 and CHSA-2; n = 10,263) to document and examine correlates of the evolution of anthropometric characteristics over a 5-year period.
In CSHA-1, community-dwelling (n = 1464) and institutionalized (n = 963) participants' height and weight were measured in clinics. Surviving participants were remeasured in CSHA-2; valid data were available for 487 community-dwelling respondents (66.9% of those seen in clinics in CSHA-2) and 140 institutionalized participants (46.9% of those reassessed). Body mass index (BMI = weight [kg]/height [m(2)]) was calculated. Paired t tests were used to test changes over the interval, and repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine the extent of differences within and across categories.
The average weight loss between study phases in community-dwelling and institutionalized participants was approximately 2 kg (p <.001). In institutions, this was statistically significant in most stratification categories, as was the case in community-dwelling participants (by gender, age, dementia screening score, and cognitive diagnosis). Among those who were cognitively intact, the greatest weight losses occurred in participants under 90 years old and in those aged 70 to 79 years with a diagnosis of dementia (p <.01). Stature decreased more in institutionalized (2 cm) than in community-dwelling participants (1.4 cm). In institutions, this was significant among the oldest men (p <.005), while in the community there were no differences in the extent of height lost in all stratification categories. The average BMI was largely stable.
Body weight and stature declined with aging among elderly Canadian CSHA participants, particularly in the very old and those with dementia. Such longitudinal anthropometric data are needed along with information on dietary intakes, and medical, cognitive, and functional measures to plan interventions geared to maximizing nutritional and overall health in the elderly population, whatever their cognitive status.
随着年龄增长，身体成分会发生诸多变化。本研究报告了对参与加拿大健康与老龄化研究两个阶段（CSHA - 1和CSHA - 2；n = 10,263）的加拿大机构养老和居家养老老年人子样本数据的二次分析结果，以记录和研究5年期间人体测量特征演变的相关因素。
在CSHA - 1中，在诊所测量了社区居住者（n = 1464）和机构养老者（n = 963）的身高和体重。存活的参与者在CSHA - 2中再次接受测量；487名社区居住受访者（占CSHA - 2诊所测量人数的66.9%）和140名机构养老参与者（占重新评估人数的46.9%）有有效数据。计算体重指数（BMI = 体重[kg]/身高[m²]）。配对t检验用于检验间隔期内的变化，重复测量多变量方差分析用于检验类别内和类别间差异的程度。
社区居住和机构养老参与者在研究阶段之间的平均体重减轻约2千克（p <.001）。在机构中，这在大多数分层类别中具有统计学意义，社区居住参与者也是如此（按性别、年龄、痴呆筛查评分和认知诊断）。在认知功能完好的人群中，最大体重减轻发生在90岁以下参与者以及70至79岁被诊断为痴呆的参与者中（p <.01）。机构养老者的身高下降幅度（2厘米）大于社区居住参与者（1.4厘米）。在机构中，这在最年长男性中具有统计学意义（p <.005），而在社区中，所有分层类别中身高下降程度没有差异。平均BMI基本稳定。
加拿大CSHA老年参与者的体重和身高随着年龄增长而下降，尤其是年龄非常大的人和患有痴呆症的人。需要此类纵向人体测量数据以及饮食摄入量、医疗、认知和功能测量信息，以规划旨在使老年人群体（无论其认知状态如何）的营养和整体健康最大化的干预措施。
