Knuttinen M G, Power J M, Preston A R, Disterhoft J F
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
Behav Neurosci. 2001 Aug;115(4):747-57. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.115.4.747.
The role of awareness and its impact on learning the conditioned eyeblink response was investigated in both trace and delay discrimination eyeblink conditioning in young and aging participants, in 4 paradigms: delay 750, delay 1,250, trace 500, and trace 1,000. Participants concurrently watched a silent movie about which they were questioned afterward. Acquisition in both the trace and delay discrimination task was correlated with awareness of conditioning stimulus contingencies, regardless of age. Age-dependent deficits were observed in trace discrimination but not in delay discrimination, with more severe deficits appearing at the longer trace interval. The percentage of aware participants was also found to be greater in the young population than in the aging population. These results indicate that awareness or knowledge of stimulus contingencies may be an important contributor to successful acquisition in higher order discrimination tasks.
在年轻和老年参与者中，通过4种范式（延迟750、延迟1250、痕迹500和痕迹1000），研究了意识在痕迹和延迟辨别性眨眼条件反射中对学习条件性眨眼反应的作用及其影响。参与者同时观看一部无声电影，之后会就电影内容接受提问。无论年龄大小，在痕迹和延迟辨别任务中的习得都与对条件刺激意外情况的意识相关。在痕迹辨别中观察到了年龄依赖性缺陷，但在延迟辨别中未观察到，在较长的痕迹间隔时出现更严重的缺陷。还发现，年轻人群中意识到的参与者百分比高于老年人群。这些结果表明，对刺激意外情况的意识或了解可能是高阶辨别任务中成功习得的重要因素。
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