意识与痕迹眨眼经典条件反射的并行习得
Parallel acquisition of awareness and trace eyeblink classical conditioning.
作者信息
Manns J R, Clark R E, Squire L R
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California 92039, USA.
出版信息
Learn Mem. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):267-72. doi: 10.1101/lm.33400.
Trace eyeblink conditioning (with a trace interval >/=500 msec) depends on the integrity of the hippocampus and requires that participants develop awareness of the stimulus contingencies (i.e., awareness that the conditioned stimulus [CS] predicts the unconditioned stimulus [US]). Previous investigations of the relationship between trace eyeblink conditioning and awareness of the stimulus contingencies have manipulated awareness or have assessed awareness at fixed intervals during and after the conditioning session. In this study, we tracked the development of knowledge about the stimulus contingencies trial by trial by asking participants to try to predict either the onset of the US or the onset of their eyeblinks during differential trace eyeblink conditioning. Asking participants to predict their eyeblinks inhibited both the acquisition of awareness and eyeblink conditioning. In contrast, asking participants to predict the onset of the US promoted awareness and facilitated conditioning. Acquisition of knowledge about the stimulus contingencies and acquisition of differential trace eyeblink conditioning developed approximately in parallel (i.e., concurrently).
痕迹性眨眼条件反射（痕迹间隔≥500毫秒）依赖于海马体的完整性，并且要求参与者形成对刺激关联性的意识（即意识到条件刺激[CS]预示着非条件刺激[US]）。先前关于痕迹性眨眼条件反射与刺激关联性意识之间关系的研究，要么操纵意识，要么在条件反射训练期间及之后的固定时间间隔评估意识。在本研究中，我们在差异痕迹性眨眼条件反射过程中，通过要求参与者尝试预测非条件刺激的开始或他们眨眼的开始，逐次追踪关于刺激关联性知识的发展。要求参与者预测他们的眨眼既抑制了意识的获得，也抑制了眨眼条件反射。相比之下，要求参与者预测非条件刺激的开始促进了意识并有助于条件反射。关于刺激关联性的知识的获得与差异痕迹性眨眼条件反射的获得大致并行发展（即同时发生）。
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