Svensson E, Angelborg-Thanderz M, Sjöberg L
Air Defence Project National Defence Research Establishment, Stockholm, Sweden.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Nov;64(11):985-91.
In modern military aircraft, complexity of information combined with time stress creates difficulties for the pilot under combat conditions. The first step to mitigate this problem is to measure mental workload. Several methods for doing so have been proposed. In this paper we develop an analysis of mental workload as distinguished from its prior flight mission parameters (risk, challenge) and subsequent effects (mission performance). A model is developed on the basis of extensive mission data, both ground attack and fighter missions, which exhibits a dual coping process as a response to challenge and risk: emotion coping, leading to tension and decreased performance, and problem solving, leading to increased mental energy and improved performance. The model implies a selection of optimal measures for constructing an index of mental workload which is demonstrated to yield a sensitive measure of the pilot's changing mental status over the course of a period of training.
在现代军用飞机中，信息的复杂性加上时间压力，给战斗条件下的飞行员带来了困难。缓解这一问题的第一步是测量心理负荷。已经提出了几种这样做的方法。在本文中，我们对心理负荷进行了分析，将其与先前的飞行任务参数（风险、挑战）以及后续影响（任务表现）区分开来。基于大量任务数据（包括对地攻击任务和战斗机任务）开发了一个模型，该模型展示了作为对挑战和风险的反应的双重应对过程：情绪应对，导致紧张和表现下降；问题解决，导致精神能量增加和表现改善。该模型意味着要选择最佳措施来构建心理负荷指数，事实证明，该指数能够灵敏地衡量飞行员在一段时间的训练过程中不断变化的心理状态。
