Oman C M
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
Acta Astronaut. 1987;15(1):55-66. doi: 10.1016/0094-5765(87)90066-x.
Recent research results from ground and flight experiments on motion sickness and space sickness conducted by the Man Vehicle Laboratory are reviewed. New tools developed include a mathematical model for motion sickness, a method for quantitative measurements of skin pallor and blush in ambulatory subjects, and a magnitude estimation technique for ratio scaling of nausea or discomfort. These have been used to experimentally study the time course of skin pallor and subjective symptoms in laboratory motion sickness. In prolonged sickness, subjects become hypersensitive to nauseogenic stimuli. Results of a Spacelab-1 flight experiment are described in which four observers documented the stimulus factors for and the symptoms/signs of space sickness. The clinical character of space sickness differs somewhat from acute laboratory motion sickness. However SL-1 findings support the view that space sickness is fundamentally a motion sickness. Symptoms were subjectively alleviated by head movement restriction, maintenance of a familiar orientation with respect to the visual environment, and wedging between or strapping onto surfaces which provided broad contact cues confirming the absence of body motion.
回顾了载人车辆实验室进行的关于晕动病和太空病的地面及飞行实验的近期研究成果。开发的新工具包括晕动病数学模型、动态受试者皮肤苍白和脸红的定量测量方法以及恶心或不适比率缩放的量级估计技术。这些工具已用于实验室晕动病中皮肤苍白和主观症状的时间进程的实验研究。在长期患病时，受试者对致呕刺激变得高度敏感。描述了一次太空实验室-1飞行实验的结果，其中四名观察者记录了太空病的刺激因素及症状/体征。太空病的临床特征与急性实验室晕动病略有不同。然而，太空实验室-1的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即太空病从根本上来说是一种晕动病。通过限制头部运动、保持相对于视觉环境的熟悉方向以及楔入或绑在提供广泛接触线索以确认身体无运动的表面之间，症状在主观上得到缓解。
