León A, Verdú G, Cuevas M D, Salas M D, Villaescusa J I, Bueno F
Dpto. Ingeniería Química y Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Aptdo. 22012 Valencia 46071, Spain.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2001;93(1):19-30. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006407.
It is demonstrated that screening mammography programmes reduce breast cancer mortality considerably. Nevertheless, radiology techniques have an intrinsic risk, the most important being the late somatic effect of the induction of cancer. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the risk to the population produced by the Comunidad Valenciana Breast Screening Programme. All the calculations are carried out for two risk models, UNSCEAR 94 and NRPB 93. On the one hand, screening series detriments are investigated as a function of doses delivered and other parameters related to population structure and X ray equipment. On the other hand the radiation induced cancer probability for a woman who starts at 45 years and remains in the programme until 65 years old is calculated as a function of mammography units' doses and average compression breast thickness. Finally, risk comparison between a screening programme starting at 45 years old and another one starting at 50 years old is made.
研究表明，乳腺钼靶筛查项目能显著降低乳腺癌死亡率。然而，放射学技术存在内在风险，其中最重要的是诱发癌症的晚期躯体效应。开展这项研究是为了评估巴伦西亚自治区乳腺筛查项目给人群带来的风险。所有计算都是针对两个风险模型进行的，即联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会（UNSCEAR）1994年模型和国家辐射防护委员会（NRPB）1993年模型。一方面，根据所给予的剂量以及与人群结构和X射线设备相关的其他参数，研究筛查系列的损害情况。另一方面，计算一名45岁开始参加该项目并一直持续到65岁的女性因辐射诱发癌症的概率，该概率是乳腺钼靶检查单位剂量和平均乳房压缩厚度的函数。最后，对45岁开始的筛查项目和50岁开始的另一个筛查项目进行风险比较。
