Wiley J, Mason R A, Myers J L
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60607, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2001 Sep;27(5):1238-49. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.27.5.1238.
In 4 experiments, the authors investigated the accessibility of potential antecedents that were either referents or nonreferents of categorical anaphors using several methodologies. In 2 preliminary experiments, using an immediate probe recognition task, the authors replicated previous findings of inhibition for nonreferents following categorical anaphors. In Experiments 1-3, naming times to nonreferent probes were inhibited, but only at a delay and at the end of the sentence. Eye movements were monitored in Experiment 4, and reading times were found to be slower in end-of-sentence regions following the remention of the nonreferent but not on the nonreferent itself. These results suggest that decreases in nonreferent accessibility are due to postanaphoric processes, such as integrating the nonreferent into the discourse structure, and are not due to more immediate changes in activation occurring as part of the resolution process. Further, some inhibition effects may result from the use of probe tasks that require decisions.
在4项实验中，作者使用多种方法研究了作为范畴性指代语所指对象或非所指对象的潜在先行词的可及性。在2项初步实验中，作者采用即时探测识别任务，重复了之前关于范畴性指代语之后非所指对象受到抑制的研究结果。在实验1至3中，对非所指对象探测词的命名时间受到抑制，但仅在句子末尾有延迟时出现。在实验4中监测了眼动情况，发现在再次提及非所指对象之后的句子末尾区域，阅读时间较慢，但在非所指对象本身处并非如此。这些结果表明，非所指对象可及性的降低是由于指代语之后的过程，比如将非所指对象整合到语篇结构中，而不是由于作为消解过程一部分的激活的更即时变化。此外，一些抑制效应可能源于使用了需要做出决策的探测任务。
