Mayfield L J, Skoglund A, Hising P, Lang N P, Attström R
Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Oct;12(5):508-14. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.120512.x.
The aim of this investigation was to clinically evaluate the periimplant tissues of titanium fixtures, placed in regions augmented using deproteinized bone mineral, after initial functional loading. The original material included 18 individuals (mean age 71+/-9 years) treated using a graft material, Bio-Oss (6 Patients), or Bio-Oss+autogenous bone mixture (12 patients) for alveolar ridge augmentation. 6 titanium fixtures were placed at the time of ridge augmentation. 46 fixtures were placed at a second surgical stage, median 9.5 months after augmentation. Augmentation included crest width (26 fixtures), crest height and width (12 fixtures) and sinus floor lift (14 fixtures) procedures. In addition, 16 fixtures were placed in regions of adequate bone volume. Reconstructions were placed and patients were recalled on a yearly basis. After 4-6.5 years of functional loading, the reconstructions were removed and assessments of fixture stability and periimplant mucosal conditions were made. At this time, 3 patients (13 fixtures) were lost to follow-up (1 deceased, 1 declined to participate, and 1 too ill to attend). In the remaining 15 patients, 7 fixtures were lost due to osseo-disintegration, 2 in one patient in the mandible, and 5 in a second patient in the maxilla. Both individuals were smokers. The remaining 32 fixtures were clinically stable. Periimplant mucosa was healthy with a mean modified sulcular bleeding index of 0.1+/-0.2 and a mean probing depth of 1.5+/-1.1 mm. Radiographic evaluation showed alveolar bone levels at or above the level of the first fixture thread. There were no perifixtural radiolucencies. The survival rate, which coincided with success rate, for fixtures placed in conjunction with ridge augmentation using deproteinized bone mineral was 100% for non-smokers and 43% for smokers after 4-6.5 years of functional loading. No fixture loss occurred in non-augmented areas.
本研究的目的是在初始功能加载后，对植入使用脱蛋白骨矿物质进行增龄的区域的钛种植体周围组织进行临床评估。原始材料包括18名个体（平均年龄71±9岁），他们使用移植材料Bio-Oss（6例患者）或Bio-Oss+自体骨混合物（12例患者）进行牙槽嵴增高术。在牙槽嵴增高时植入6枚钛种植体。在第二个手术阶段植入46枚种植体，平均在增高术后9.5个月。增高术包括嵴宽度（26枚种植体）、嵴高度和宽度（12枚种植体）以及上颌窦底提升（14枚种植体）手术。此外，在骨量充足的区域植入16枚种植体。进行重建并每年召回患者。在4至6.5年的功能加载后，取出重建物并对种植体稳定性和种植体周围黏膜状况进行评估。此时，3例患者（13枚种植体）失访（1例死亡，1例拒绝参与，1例病情太重无法就诊）。在其余15例患者中，7枚种植体因骨吸收而丢失，1例下颌骨患者丢失2枚，1例上颌骨患者丢失5枚。这两名患者均为吸烟者。其余32枚种植体临床稳定。种植体周围黏膜健康，改良龈沟出血指数平均为0.1±0.2，平均探诊深度为1.5±1.1mm。影像学评估显示牙槽骨水平在第一种植体螺纹水平或以上。种植体周围无透射区。在使用脱蛋白骨矿物质进行牙槽嵴增高术的同时植入的种植体，在4至6.5年的功能加载后，非吸烟者的生存率（与成功率一致）为100%，吸烟者为43%。未增高区域未发生种植体丢失。
