Adrien J L, Rossignol-Deletang N, Martineau J, Couturier G, Barthelemy C
INSERM Unit 316-Pédopsychiatrie, C. H. U. Bretonneau-2, Boulevard, Tonnellé, 37044 Tours Cédex, France.
Dev Psychobiol. 2001 Sep;39(2):124-36. doi: 10.1002/dev.1036.
Based on the Piagetian framework, this study examined regulation of cognitive activity and developmental communication profiles and their interrelationship in groups of autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children of comparable overall, verbal, and oculo-manual developmental ages (from 6 to 24 months). Regulation of activity was assessed with both an object permanence test and an original behavior grid, and development of communication skills with the Guidetti-Tourrette scales (French adaptation of the Seibert-Hogan scales). The results showed evidence of certain types of dysregulation of cognitive activity and a general delay in communication ability in autistic children compared to the other two groups. Moreover, although the intensity of some of these disorders decreased in relation to the developmental levels of social interaction and joint attention in normal children, they were related to both high and low levels of development of social interaction only in autistic children. These findings raise the hypothesis of a relationship between a disorder of disengaging from an activity and developmental levels of social interaction noted at two transitory periods of early development (12 and 24 months) only in children with autism. Developmental and neuropsychological interpretations of this particular pattern are proposed.
基于皮亚杰理论框架，本研究考察了总体、语言及眼手发育年龄相当（6至24个月）的自闭症儿童、智力发育迟缓儿童和正常儿童群体中认知活动的调节、发育性沟通概况及其相互关系。采用客体永久性测试和一个原创行为量表评估活动调节，用吉代蒂 - 图雷特量表（法国版的塞伯特 - 霍根量表）评估沟通技能发展。结果显示，与其他两组相比，自闭症儿童存在某些类型的认知活动调节失调以及沟通能力普遍延迟的迹象。此外，尽管这些障碍中的一些强度在正常儿童中随着社会互动和共同注意的发育水平而降低，但在自闭症儿童中，它们仅与社会互动的高发育水平和低发育水平相关。这些发现提出了一种假设，即在自闭症儿童中，仅在早期发育的两个过渡阶段（12个月和24个月）出现的从一项活动中脱离的障碍与社会互动发育水平之间存在关联。本文提出了对这一特殊模式的发育学和神经心理学解释。
