Bortfeld H, Leon S D, Bloom J E, Schober M F, Brennan S E
Brown University, USA.
Lang Speech. 2001 Jun;44(Pt 2):123-47. doi: 10.1177/00238309010440020101.
After reviewing situational and demographic factors that have been argued to affect speakers' disfluency rates, we examined disfluency rates in a corpus of task-oriented conversations (Schober & Carstensen, 2001 ) with variables that might affect fluency rates. These factors included: speakers' ages (young, middle-aged, and older), task roles (director vs. matcher in a referential communication task), difficulty of topic domain (abstract geometric figures vs. photographs of children), relationships between speakers (married vs. strangers), and gender (each pair consisted of a man and a woman). Older speakers produced only slightly higher disfluency rates than young and middle-aged speakers. Overall, disfluency rates were higher both when speakers acted as directors and when they discussed abstract figures, confirming that disfluencies are associated with an increase in planning difficulty. However, fillers (such as uh) were distributed somewhat differently than repeats or restarts, supporting the idea that fillers may be a resource for or a consequence of interpersonal coordination.
在回顾了那些被认为会影响说话者不流畅率的情境因素和人口统计学因素之后，我们在一个以任务为导向的对话语料库中（Schober & Carstensen，2001），研究了可能影响流畅率的变量下的不流畅率。这些因素包括：说话者的年龄（年轻、中年和老年）、任务角色（在指称性沟通任务中作为指挥者与匹配者）、主题领域的难度（抽象几何图形与儿童照片）、说话者之间的关系（已婚与陌生人）以及性别（每对由一名男性和一名女性组成）。老年说话者的不流畅率仅略高于年轻和中年说话者。总体而言，当说话者担任指挥者时以及当他们讨论抽象图形时，不流畅率都更高，这证实了不流畅与计划难度的增加有关。然而，填充词（如呃）的分布与重复或重新开始略有不同，这支持了填充词可能是人际协调的一种资源或结果的观点。
