Michener H A, Burt M R
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1975 Apr;31(4):606-14. doi: 10.1037/h0077080.
This study investigated factors affecting compliance, to orders from a formal authority. The design created a two-level status hierarchy in which subjects occupied identical low-status positions and responded to demands from a simulated high-status leader. Four components of authority-normativity,coervice power, collective justification, and success-failure-were manipulated as independent variables. Another component, the endorsement accorded the leader, was included in the design as a measured variable. Results indicated that compliance increased significantly when coervice power was high (rather than low), when justification was collective (rather than partisan), and when demands were normative (rather than counternormative). Contary ti the theoretical expectation, endorsement did not affect compliance by low-status members. The findings show that the normative aspect of legitimacy serves as a compliance-gaining base even when stripped of enforcing sanctions and under-lying goals and that the distinction between normativity and endorsement is valid for research on social power.
本研究调查了影响对正式权威命令服从性的因素。该设计创建了一个两级地位等级体系，其中受试者处于相同的低地位位置，并对模拟的高地位领导者的要求做出回应。将权威的四个组成部分——规范性、强制力、集体正当性和成败——作为自变量进行操控。另一个组成部分，即给予领导者的认可，作为一个测量变量纳入设计中。结果表明，当强制力高（而非低）、正当性为集体性（而非党派性）以及要求具有规范性（而非反规范性）时，服从性显著增加。与理论预期相反，认可并未影响低地位成员的服从性。研究结果表明，即使没有强制制裁以及潜在目标，合法性的规范性方面仍可作为获得服从的基础，并且规范性与认可之间的区别在社会权力研究中是有效的。
