Kaufman C E
Popul Stud (Camb). 2000 Mar;54(1):105-14. doi: 10.1080/713779059.
Since its inception in 1974, the South African family planning programme has been widely believed to be linked with white fears of growing black numbers. The programme has been repeatedly attacked by detractors as a programme of social and political control. Yet, in spite of the hostile environment, black women's use of services has steadily increased. Using historical and anthropological evidence, this paper delineates the links between the social and political context of racial domination and individual fertility behaviour. It is argued that the quantitative success of the family planning programme is rooted in social and economic shifts conditioning reproductive authority and fertility decision-making. State policies of racial segregation and influx control, ethnic 'homeland' politics, and labour migration of men transformed opportunities and constraints for black women and men, and altered local and household expectations of childbearing. Women came to manage their own fertility as they increasingly found themselves in precarious social and economic circumstances.
自1974年成立以来，南非的计划生育项目一直被广泛认为与白人对黑人数量增长的恐惧有关。该项目多次遭到诋毁者的攻击，被视为一项社会和政治控制计划。然而，尽管环境不利，黑人女性对服务的使用却稳步增加。本文利用历史和人类学证据，阐述了种族统治的社会和政治背景与个人生育行为之间的联系。有人认为，计划生育项目在数量上的成功源于社会和经济的转变，这些转变制约着生殖权力和生育决策。种族隔离和流入控制的国家政策、种族“家园”政治以及男性的劳动力迁移，改变了黑人男女面临的机遇和限制，并改变了当地和家庭对生育的期望。随着女性越来越多地发现自己处于不稳定的社会和经济环境中，她们开始自主管理自己的生育。
