Mills P K, Zahm S H
Cancer Registry of Central California, Fresno, California 93710, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2001 Nov;40(5):571-7. doi: 10.1002/ajim.10007.
Childhood cancer, notably leukemia, brain cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease, has been associated with pesticide exposure, often with greater relative risks than among exposed adults, suggesting greater susceptibility in children. These differences in risk may be due to developmental factors or differences in pesticide exposure.
A feasibility study was conducted to determine levels of pesticide metabolites in urine of adults (n = 18) and children (n = 9) in Fresno County, California, an intensely agricultural county in the Central San Joaquin Valley. Spot urine samples were obtained and analyzed for six metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection methods. The metabolites of OP pesticides included DMP, DEP, DMTP, DMDTP, DETP, and DEDTP.
Levels were generally low for both adults and children for most metabolites tested. Frequencies of detection ranged from 0 to 37%, with mean levels ranging from non-detectable to 13.22 ppb. However, levels of several metabolites were higher in children than in adults. The most frequently detected metabolite, DMP, was found among 44% of the children and 33% of the adults. DMTP was detected among 33% of the children and 28% of the adults.
These results are difficult to interpret given the sampling variation associated with the small sample size. Nevertheless, because OP pesticides have been associated with increased cancer risk in animal and human studies, these results indicate a need to closely monitor children's exposure to environmental chemicals.
儿童癌症，尤其是白血病、脑癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、软组织肉瘤和霍奇金病，与接触农药有关，其相对风险通常高于接触农药的成年人，这表明儿童的易感性更高。这些风险差异可能是由于发育因素或农药接触差异所致。
在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺县开展了一项可行性研究，以确定成人（n = 18）和儿童（n = 9）尿液中农药代谢物的水平。弗雷斯诺县是圣华金河谷中部一个农业密集的县。采集即时尿样，采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测法分析有机磷（OP）农药的六种代谢物。OP农药的代谢物包括二甲基磷酸酯（DMP）、二乙基磷酸酯（DEP）、二甲基硫代磷酸酯（DMTP）、二甲基二硫代磷酸酯（DMDTP）、二乙基硫代磷酸酯（DETP）和二乙基二硫代磷酸酯（DEDTP）。
大多数检测的代谢物在成人和儿童中的水平普遍较低。检测频率范围为0%至37%，平均水平范围为未检出至13.22 ppb。然而，几种代谢物在儿童中的水平高于成人。最常检测到的代谢物DMP在44%的儿童和33%的成人中被发现。DMTP在33%的儿童和28%的成人中被检测到。
鉴于样本量小带来的抽样差异，这些结果难以解释。尽管如此，由于OP农药已在动物和人体研究中与癌症风险增加相关，这些结果表明有必要密切监测儿童对环境化学物质的接触情况。
