Noah A, Truswell A S
Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001;10(1):2-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.2001.00198.x.
Interest in Mediterranean diet began 30 years ago, when Ancel Keys published the results of the famous Seven Countries Study, Since 1945, almost 1.3 million people have come to Australia from Mediterranean countries as new settlers. There are 18 countries with coasts on the Mediterranean sea: Spain, southern France, Italy, Malta, Croatia, Bosnia, Albania, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Malta, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. This study from which this report derives aims to investigate the influence of the food habits of immigrants from Mediterranean countries on Australian food intake. Here we look at the 'traditional' food habits of the above Mediterranean countries as told by 102 people we interviewed in Sydney, who came from 18 Mediterranean countries to Sydney. Most of the informants were women, their age ranged from 35 to 55 years. The interview was open-ended and held in the informant's home. It usually lasted around 1 1/2 hours. The interview had three parts. Personal information was obtained, questions relating to the food habits of these people back in their original Mediterranean countries and how their food intake and habits have changed in Australia were also asked. From the interviews, we have obtained a broad picture of 'traditional' food habits in different Mediterranean countries. The interview data was checked with books of recipes for the different countries. While there were similarities between the countries, there are also important differences in the food habits of the Mediterranean countries. Neighbouring countries' food habits are closer than those on opposite sides of the Mediterranean Sea. We suggest that these food habits can be put into four groups. The data here refer to food habits in Mediterranean countries 20 or 30 years ago, as they were recovering from the Second World War. There is no single ideal Mediterranean diet. Nutritionists who use the concept should qualify the individual country and the time in history of their model Mediterranean diet.
对地中海饮食的关注始于30年前，当时安塞尔·基斯公布了著名的七国研究结果。自1945年以来，近130万人作为新移民从地中海国家来到澳大利亚。有18个国家濒临地中海：西班牙、法国南部、意大利、马耳他、克罗地亚、波斯尼亚、阿尔巴尼亚、希腊、塞浦路斯、土耳其、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、埃及、利比亚、突尼斯、阿尔及利亚和摩洛哥。本报告所依据的这项研究旨在调查来自地中海国家的移民的饮食习惯对澳大利亚食物摄入量的影响。在此，我们看看上述地中海国家的“传统”饮食习惯，这些信息来自我们在悉尼采访的102人，他们来自18个地中海国家并定居悉尼。大多数受访者为女性，年龄在35至55岁之间。采访是开放式的，在受访者家中进行。通常持续约1个半小时。采访分为三个部分。我们获取了个人信息，询问了与这些人在地中海国家时的饮食习惯相关的问题，以及他们在澳大利亚的食物摄入量和饮食习惯有何变化。通过这些采访，我们大致了解了不同地中海国家的“传统”饮食习惯。采访数据与不同国家的食谱书籍进行了核对。虽然这些国家之间存在相似之处，但地中海国家的饮食习惯也存在重要差异。相邻国家的饮食习惯比地中海对岸国家的饮食习惯更为相似。我们建议这些饮食习惯可分为四类。这里的数据指的是地中海国家在二三十年前从第二次世界大战中恢复时的饮食习惯。不存在单一理想的地中海饮食。使用这一概念的营养学家应明确其理想地中海饮食模式所适用的具体国家和历史时期。
