Grössner-Schreiber B, Griepentrog M, Haustein I, Müller W D, Lange K P, Briedigkeit H, Göbel U B
School of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 16, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001 Dec;12(6):543-51. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.120601.x.
Bacterial adhesion on titanium implant surfaces has a strong influence on healing and long-term outcome of dental implants. Parameters like surface roughness and chemical composition of the implant surface were found to have a significant impact on plaque formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two physical hard coatings on bacterial adhesion in comparison with control surfaces of equivalent roughness. Two members of the oral microflora, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis were used. Commercially pure titanium discs were modified using four different surface treatments: physical vapour deposition (PVD) with either titanium nitride (TiN) or zirconium nitride (ZrN), thermal oxidation and structuring with laser radiation. Polished titanium surfaces were used as controls. Surface topography was examined by SEM and estimation of surface roughness was done using a contact stylus profilometer. Contact angle measurements were carried out to calculate surface energy. Titanium discs were incubated in the respective bacterial cell suspension for one hour and single colonies formed by adhering bacteria were counted by fluorescence microscopy. Contact angle measurements showed no significant differences between the surface modifications. The surface roughness (Ra) of all surfaces examined was between 0.14 and 1.00 microm. A significant reduction of the number of adherent bacteria was observed on inherently stable titanium hard materials such as TiN and ZrN and thermically oxidated titanium surfaces compared to polished titanium. In conclusion, physical modification of titanium implant surfaces such as coating with TiN or ZrN may reduce bacterial adherence and hence improve clinical results.
细菌在钛种植体表面的黏附对牙种植体的愈合及长期效果有很大影响。研究发现，种植体表面粗糙度和化学成分等参数对菌斑形成有显著影响。本研究的目的是评估两种物理硬涂层与具有相同粗糙度的对照表面相比，对细菌黏附的影响。使用了口腔微生物群落中的两种细菌，变形链球菌和血链球菌。采用四种不同的表面处理方法对商业纯钛圆盘进行改性：物理气相沉积（PVD）法，分别沉积氮化钛（TiN）或氮化锆（ZrN）；热氧化法；激光辐射结构化处理。将抛光的钛表面用作对照。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查表面形貌，并使用接触式触针轮廓仪估算表面粗糙度。进行接触角测量以计算表面能。将钛圆盘在各自的细菌细胞悬液中孵育1小时，通过荧光显微镜对黏附细菌形成的单菌落进行计数。接触角测量结果表明，表面改性之间没有显著差异。所有检测表面的表面粗糙度（Ra）在0.14至1.00微米之间。与抛光钛相比，在本质上稳定的钛硬质材料（如TiN和ZrN）以及热氧化钛表面上观察到黏附细菌数量显著减少。总之，对钛种植体表面进行物理改性，如用TiN或ZrN涂层，可能会减少细菌黏附，从而改善临床效果。
