Solomon A K, Milgram J, Kirkwood D H
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Sep 16;406(1):157-60. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90050-4.
Levitt (1974) (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 373, 115--131) has recently developed a "New Theory of Transport for Cell Membrane Pores" based on the supposition that equivalent pores in the red cell membrane are so small that water and small solute molecules such as urea can not pass each other. Levitt's concept is based on the implicit assumption that urea and water are spherical molecules. We have shown, using a scale model, that Levitt's supposition is not in agreement with the actual molecular shapes. Levitt has further asserted that there is a serious methodological error in measurements reported fifteen years ago by Goldstein and Solomon (1960) (J. Gen. Physiol. 44, 1--17). We have shown that the supposed "methodological error" lies in the fact that Levitt made his mathematical analysis of the appropriate equations under conditions significantly different from those employed by Goldstein and Solomon. A computer solution of the equations under the actual conditions used shows that Levitt's assertion is not justified.
莱维特（1974年）（《生物化学与生物物理学报》373卷，第115 - 131页）最近基于红细胞膜中等效孔隙非常小以至于水和尿素等小溶质分子无法相互通过的假设，提出了一种“细胞膜孔隙运输新理论”。莱维特的概念基于尿素和水是球形分子这一隐含假设。我们通过一个比例模型表明，莱维特的假设与实际分子形状不一致。莱维特进一步断言，戈尔茨坦和所罗门（1960年）（《普通生理学杂志》44卷，第1 - 17页）十五年前报告的测量存在严重的方法学错误。我们已经表明，所谓的“方法学错误”在于莱维特在与戈尔茨坦和所罗门所采用的条件显著不同的情况下，对相关方程进行了数学分析。在实际使用的条件下对方程进行计算机求解表明，莱维特的断言是不合理的。
