Picardi A, Abeni D, Pasquini P
Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Dermatological Institute IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001 Sep;15(5):410-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00336.x.
We studied reliability, validity and factor structure of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in dermatological patients.
Subjects attending a dermatological outpatient clinic were administered the GHQ-12 and the Skindex-29. A random subsample was mailed another copy of the questionnaires to be completed within 1 week.
A total of 2,579 subjects completed the GHQ-12. The internal consistency of the GHQ-12 was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88). Test-retest reliability on 137 subjects was also fairly satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.72), notwithstanding a re-test artefact probably related to reassurance from the physician. Evidence of construct validity was provided by the pattern of correlation between scores on the GHQ-12 and on the scales of Skindex-29, which were as hypothesized. Also, GHQ-12 scores of patients in different clinical groups varied as hypothesized, with patients affected by inflammatory skin diseases scoring significantly higher than patients with isolated skin lesions. We obtained both a two-factor and a three-factor solution: the latter seemed theoretically more appropriate, although the first may have practical advantages. A 'social dysfunction' factor emerged in both analyses, while the other items loaded on a 'general dysphoria' factor or on two separate factors interpreted as 'anxiety' and 'loss of self-esteem'.
The GHQ-12 is a reliable and valid instrument with a factor structure that is quite stable across different samples as well as across diverse cultures. Its brevity and easiness of completion make it a useful tool to assess psychological distress in dermatological patients.
我们研究了12项一般健康问卷（GHQ - 12）在皮肤科患者中的信度、效度和因子结构。
对皮肤科门诊患者进行GHQ - 12和Skindex - 29问卷调查。随机抽取一个子样本，在1周内邮寄另一份问卷让其完成。
共有2579名受试者完成了GHQ - 12调查。GHQ - 12的内部一致性较高（克朗巴哈系数α = 0.88）。对137名受试者的重测信度也相当令人满意（组内相关系数 = 0.72），尽管重测假象可能与医生的安慰有关。GHQ - 12得分与Skindex - 29量表得分之间的相关模式提供了结构效度的证据，结果与假设一致。此外，不同临床组患者的GHQ - 12得分也如假设那样有所不同，炎症性皮肤病患者的得分显著高于单纯皮肤病变患者。我们得到了一个两因子和一个三因子的解决方案：后者在理论上似乎更合适，尽管前者可能具有实际优势。在两种分析中都出现了一个“社会功能障碍”因子，而其他项目则加载在一个“一般烦躁不安”因子上，或者加载在两个分别解释为“焦虑”和“自尊丧失”的因子上。
GHQ - 12是一种可靠且有效的工具，其因子结构在不同样本和不同文化中都相当稳定。它的简短性和易于完成使其成为评估皮肤科患者心理困扰的有用工具。
