Murgue B, Murri S, Triki H, Deubel V, Zeller H G
Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus et des Fièvres hémorragiques virales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Dec;951:117-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02690.x.
Recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks have occurred in the Mediterranean basin. In Algeria in 1994, about 50 human cases of WN encephalitis were suspected, including 8 fatal cases. In Morocco in 1996, 94 equines were affected of which 42 died. In Tunisia in 1997, 173 patients were hospitalized for encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. West Nile serology performed on 129 patients was positive in 111 cases (87%) including 5 fatal cases. In Italy in 1998, 14 horses located in Tuscany were laboratory confirmed for WNV infection; 6 animals died. In Israel in 1998, serum samples from horses suffering from encephalomyelitis had WNV antibodies and virus was isolated from the brain of a stork; in 1999 WNV was identified in commercial geese flocks, and in 2000 hundreds of human cases have been reported. In September 2000, WNV infection was detected in horses located in southern France, close to the Camargue National Park where a WNV outbreak occurred in 1962. By November 30, 76 cases were laboratory confirmed among 131 equines presenting with neurological disorders. No human case has been laboratory confirmed among clinically suspect patients. The virus isolated from a brain biopsy is closely related to the Morocco-1996 and Italy-1998 isolates from horses, to the Senegal-1993 and Kenya-1998 isolates from mosquitoes, and to the human isolate from Volgograd-1999. It is distinguishable from the group including the Israel-1998 and New York-1999 isolates, as well as the Tunisia-1997 human isolate.
近期西尼罗河病毒（WNV）疫情在地中海盆地爆发。1994年在阿尔及利亚，疑似约50例人类西尼罗河病毒性脑炎病例，其中8例死亡。1996年在摩洛哥，94匹马受到感染，其中42匹死亡。1997年在突尼斯，173名患者因脑炎或脑膜脑炎住院。对129名患者进行的西尼罗河病毒血清学检测中，111例（87%）呈阳性，其中5例死亡。1998年在意大利，托斯卡纳地区的14匹马经实验室确诊感染西尼罗河病毒；6只动物死亡。1998年在以色列，患脑脊髓炎马匹的血清样本中有西尼罗河病毒抗体，且从一只鹳的脑部分离出病毒；1999年在商业鹅群中发现西尼罗河病毒，2000年报告了数百例人类病例。2000年9月，在法国南部靠近卡马尔格国家公园的马匹中检测到西尼罗河病毒感染，该公园曾在1962年爆发过西尼罗河病毒疫情。截至11月30日，在131例出现神经紊乱症状的马匹中，有76例经实验室确诊。临床疑似患者中尚无实验室确诊的人类病例。从脑活检中分离出的病毒与1996年摩洛哥和1998年意大利马匹分离株、1993年塞内加尔和1998年肯尼亚蚊子分离株以及1999年伏尔加格勒人类分离株密切相关。它与包括1998年以色列和1999年纽约分离株以及1997年突尼斯人类分离株在内的病毒组不同。
