Marijnissen A C A, van Roermund P M, TeKoppele J M, Bijlsma J W J, Lafeber F P J G
Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002 Feb;10(2):145-55. doi: 10.1053/joca.2001.0491.
The frequently used anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the dog, makes use of a permanent trigger (joint instability) for inducing degenerative changes. The present study evaluates a canine model of degenerative cartilage damage, mimicking OA, which is induced without making use of permanent joint instability.
The articular cartilage of the weight-bearing areas of the femoral condyles in one knee of ten beagle dogs was damaged by making grooves, without damaging the subchondral bone. Surgery was followed by 10 weeks intensified loading of the affected joint. Subsequently, joint damage and inflammation were evaluated. The effects were compared with those of the ACLT model.
Histological analysis showed chondrocyte clusters around cartilage lesions and moderate loss of proteoglycans in the 'groove' model. Synovial inflammation was mild. Biochemical analysis of cartilage showed changes in matrix proteoglycan turnover, proteoglycan content, and collagen damage, all characteristics of OA. Synovial fluid MMP-1, -3 and -13 activity was enhanced. Changes were found in condyles and plateau, were similar for all animals tested, and were similar to the changes observed in the ACLT model.
The presently described canine 'groove' model shows characteristics identical to those seen in the ACLT model but differs in a way that the changes are induced without joint instability. The latter is expected to make the 'groove' model more sensitive to treatment.
犬骨关节炎（OA）常用的前交叉韧带横断（ACLT）模型利用永久性触发因素（关节不稳定）来诱导退行性改变。本研究评估一种模拟OA的犬退行性软骨损伤模型，该模型在不利用永久性关节不稳定的情况下诱导产生。
在10只比格犬的一侧膝关节中，通过制造凹槽损伤股骨髁负重区域的关节软骨，而不损伤软骨下骨。手术之后，对患侧关节进行10周的强化负荷。随后，评估关节损伤和炎症情况。并将结果与ACLT模型进行比较。
组织学分析显示，在“凹槽”模型中，软骨损伤周围有软骨细胞簇，蛋白聚糖有中度丢失。滑膜炎症较轻。软骨的生化分析显示基质蛋白聚糖周转率、蛋白聚糖含量和胶原损伤发生变化，这些都是OA的特征。滑液中MMP-1、-3和-13活性增强。在髁和平台发现了变化，所有受试动物的变化相似，且与ACLT模型中观察到的变化相似。
目前所描述的犬“凹槽”模型显示出与ACLT模型相同的特征，但不同之处在于其变化是在没有关节不稳定的情况下诱导产生的。预计后者会使“凹槽”模型对治疗更敏感。
