Campanella Bruno F, Bock Claudia, Schröder Peter
Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Agricultural University, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2002;9(1):73-85. doi: 10.1007/BF02987318.
Phytoremediation is already regarded as an efficient technique to remove or degrade various pollutants in soils, water and sediments. However, hydrophobic organic molecules such as PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs are much less responsive to bioremediation strategies than, for example, BTEX or LAS. PCDD/Fs and PCBs represent 3 prominent groups of persistent organic pollutants that share common chemical, toxicological and environmental properties. Their widespread presence in the environment may be explained by their chemical and biological stability. This review considers their fate and dissipation mechanisms. It is then possible to identify major sinks and to understand biological activities useful for remediation. Public health and economic priorities lead to the conclusion that alternative techniques to physical treatments are required. This review focuses on particular problems encountered in biodegradation and bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and PCBs. It highlights the potential and limitations of plants and micro-organisms as bioremediation agents and summarises how plants can be used to augment bacterial activity. Phytoremediation is shown to provide some new possibilities in reducing risks associated with dioxins and PCBs.
植物修复已被视为去除或降解土壤、水和沉积物中各种污染物的有效技术。然而，多环芳烃、多氯联苯和多氯二苯并对二噁英/呋喃等疏水性有机分子对生物修复策略的反应远不如例如苯系物或直链烷基苯磺酸盐。多氯二苯并对二噁英/呋喃和多氯联苯是3类突出的持久性有机污染物，它们具有共同的化学、毒理学和环境特性。它们在环境中的广泛存在可以用其化学和生物稳定性来解释。本综述探讨了它们的归宿和消散机制。进而有可能确定主要的汇，并了解对修复有用的生物活性。公共卫生和经济优先事项得出结论，需要有替代物理处理的技术。本综述重点关注多氯二苯并对二噁英/呋喃和多氯联苯生物降解和生物可利用性方面遇到的特定问题。它强调了植物和微生物作为生物修复剂的潜力和局限性，并总结了如何利用植物增强细菌活性。结果表明，植物修复在降低与二噁英和多氯联苯相关的风险方面提供了一些新的可能性。
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