Johnson Marcia K, Reeder John A, Raye Carol L, Mitchell Karen J
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2002 Jan;13(1):64-7. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00411.
Age-related deficits in memory are greater as encoding and retrieval tasks require more reflective (self-generated or executive) processing. One problem in developing more specific models of age-related changes in cognition is that the tasks studied tend to be complex and vary in the combinations of component cognitive processes they recruit. Here we report an age-related deficit in one of the most elementary, but critical, components of reflection: refreshing a just-activated representation. Impairment in such a process potentially has a wide-ranging impact on all higher-order cognition.
随着编码和检索任务需要更多的反思性（自我生成或执行性）加工，与年龄相关的记忆缺陷会更加明显。在开发更具体的与年龄相关的认知变化模型时存在的一个问题是，所研究的任务往往很复杂，而且它们所涉及的组成认知过程的组合也各不相同。在此，我们报告了反思的最基本但关键的组成部分之一——刷新刚刚激活的表征——中存在与年龄相关的缺陷。这一过程中的损伤可能会对所有高阶认知产生广泛影响。
