Jasinsky M
Fortschr Med. 1975 Nov 6;93(31):1511-4.
Curiosity motivated consumption of illegal drugs by young people decreased during the last 5 years. At the same time the problem of school-children abusing alcohol increased. This has to be seen against the background of more general epidemiological data of alcohol consumption in the Federal Republic of Germany: --between 1961 and 1974 the expenditure for alcoholic beverages more than doubled; --according to serious estimations there are between 700,000 and 1 million of alcoholics in this country (from these about 8-10% being minors); --the average age of inmates of clinics for alcoholics dropped considerably during the last decade. Main findings of a follow-up survey conducted (size of sample: about 10,000 school-children in Hamburg, age 13-20, representative of a total of 110,000) are: --more than 25% of the above mentioned 110,000 school-children showed a rather excessive drinking behaviour (i.e. having been drunk 1-5 or more than 5 times during a period of 2 months prior to the interviews); --positive correlations were found to exist between excessive drinking habits and certain psycho-social variables (i.e. broken home, suicide-attempts, excessive consumption of alcohol by the parents, etc.); --the subgroup of those school-children who were users of illegal drugs: about 60% of them belong also to the category of "excessive alcohol user". Reasons for the general increase of alcohol consumption in Western Germany are for instance: --a change of drinking habits (more frequently, drinking at home and alone); --a shift of preferances (from relatively low percentage-beverages like beer and wine to so-called hard liquors); --an increase of alcohol consumption among those societal groups--the young and women--who formerly were almost abstinent. Some reasons and causes for the increase of alcohol consumption among school-children are: --being exposed to negative model-behaviour of adults and especially of parents; --peer-group pressure; --the discovery of school-children by the industry as an important consumer group, i.e. shape of images through advertisement (for example "drinking makes you appear strong" etc.); --the increasing loss of functions of traditional agents of socialization (i.e. family, school and religion).
在过去五年中，年轻人因好奇心驱使而消费非法药物的情况有所减少。与此同时，学童酗酒问题有所增加。这必须结合德意志联邦共和国更广泛的酒精消费流行病学数据来看：——1961年至1974年间，酒精饮料的支出增加了一倍多；——据保守估计，该国酗酒者有70万至100万（其中约8% - 10%为未成年人）；——在过去十年中，酗酒者诊所住院患者的平均年龄大幅下降。一项后续调查（样本规模：汉堡约10000名13 - 20岁的学童，代表总共110000名学童）的主要发现是：——上述110000名学童中，超过25%表现出相当过度的饮酒行为（即在访谈前两个月内喝醉1 - 5次或5次以上）；——过度饮酒习惯与某些心理社会变量（如家庭破裂、自杀未遂、父母酗酒等）之间存在正相关；——使用非法药物的学童亚群体：其中约60%也属于“过度饮酒者”类别。西德酒精消费普遍增加的原因例如：——饮酒习惯的改变（更频繁地在家独自饮酒）；——偏好的转变（从啤酒和葡萄酒等相对低度数饮料转向所谓的烈性酒）；——以前几乎戒酒的社会群体（年轻人和女性）中酒精消费的增加。学童酒精消费增加的一些原因是：——接触成年人尤其是父母的负面榜样行为；——同龄人群体的压力；——行业将学童发现为重要消费群体，即通过广告塑造形象（例如“饮酒让你显得强壮”等）；——传统社会化媒介（即家庭、学校和宗教）功能的日益丧失。
