Velleman Shelley L
Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
Semin Speech Lang. 2002 Feb;23(1):43-56. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-23510.
Words derive their structure not only from the sounds they include but also from the organization of those sounds within the word. This organization is the phonotactic level of the word: roughly, its shape including the sequence of its elements. Often, children with immature or disordered phonologies demonstrate phonotactic as well as phonetic limitations. Sometimes, the child may produce an age-appropriate variety of consonants and vowels but be unable to use them in the configurations required by the language: final consonants, clusters, multisyllabic words, and so forth. In such cases, the most appropriate therapy goals may be phonotactic, rather than phonetic, ones. Studies have shown that clinical focus on a new word or syllable shape may generalize well beyond the specific sound or sounds targeted in that position. These ideas are explored in this article, along with specific therapy results and recommendations for various phonotactic limitations.
单词的结构不仅源于它们所包含的音素，还源于这些音素在单词中的组织方式。这种组织方式就是单词的音系规则层面：大致来说，就是它的形态，包括其元素的顺序。通常，语音发育不成熟或紊乱的儿童在音系规则以及语音方面都存在局限。有时，儿童可能会发出符合其年龄阶段的各种辅音和元音，但却无法按照语言要求的结构来使用它们，比如词尾辅音、辅音连缀、多音节词等等。在这种情况下，最合适的治疗目标可能是音系规则方面的，而非语音方面的。研究表明，临床聚焦于新的单词或音节形态，其效果可能会很好地推广到该位置所针对的特定一个或多个音素之外。本文将探讨这些观点，以及针对各种音系规则局限的具体治疗结果和建议。
