Smith James L
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA.
J Food Prot. 2002 Apr;65(4):696-708. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.4.696.
Campylobacter jejuni infections are the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States and other developed countries. Generally, C. jejuni infections are self-limiting and treatment is not necessary; however, infections caused by this organism can lead to potentially dangerous long-term consequences for some individuals. Bacteremia, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS; an acute flaccid paralytic disease), and reactive arthritis (ReA) are the most serious of the long-term consequences of C. jejuni infections. During pregnancy, foodborne infections may be hazardous to both the woman and the fetus. C. jejuni-induced bacteremia during pregnancy may lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus, abortion, stillbirth, or early neonatal death. Infection of a newborn by the mother during the birth process or shortly after birth may lead to neonatal enteritis, bacteremia, and/or meningitis. C. jejuni enteritis is the inducing antecedent infection in approximately 30% of cases of GBS. Thus, pregnant women infected with C. jejuni may contract GBS. GBS during pregnancy does not affect fetal or infant development and does not increase spontaneous abortion or fetal death; however, it may induce spontaneous delivery during the third trimester in severe cases. Reactive arthritis occurs in approximately 2% of C. jejuni enteritis cases and leads to the impaired movement of various joints. Pregnant women with C. jejuni-induced reactive arthritis can be expected to deliver a normal infant. A pregnant patient with GBS or ReA may be unable to care for a newborn infant because of the physical impairment induced by these diseases. Since C. jejuni infections put both fetuses and pregnant women at risk, pregnant women must take special care in food handling and preparation to prevent such infections.
空肠弯曲菌感染是美国和其他发达国家食源性肠胃炎的主要病因。一般来说，空肠弯曲菌感染具有自限性，无需治疗；然而，这种微生物引起的感染可能会给一些人带来潜在危险的长期后果。菌血症、吉兰 - 巴雷综合征（GBS；一种急性弛缓性麻痹疾病）和反应性关节炎（ReA）是空肠弯曲菌感染最严重的长期后果。在怀孕期间，食源性感染对孕妇和胎儿都可能有害。怀孕期间空肠弯曲菌引起的菌血症可能导致胎儿宫内感染、流产、死产或早期新生儿死亡。母亲在分娩过程中或出生后不久将感染传给新生儿可能导致新生儿肠炎、菌血症和/或脑膜炎。约30%的GBS病例中，空肠弯曲菌肠炎是诱发前驱感染。因此，感染空肠弯曲菌的孕妇可能会患上GBS。怀孕期间的GBS不会影响胎儿或婴儿发育，也不会增加自然流产或胎儿死亡的风险；然而，在严重情况下，它可能会在妊娠晚期诱发自然分娩。反应性关节炎发生在约2%的空肠弯曲菌肠炎病例中，并导致各个关节活动受限。患有空肠弯曲菌诱发的反应性关节炎的孕妇有望生下正常婴儿。患有GBS或ReA的孕妇可能由于这些疾病引起的身体损伤而无法照顾新生儿。由于空肠弯曲菌感染会使胎儿和孕妇都面临风险，孕妇在处理和准备食物时必须格外小心，以预防此类感染。
