Campbell Tom, Beaman C Philip, Berry Dianne C
University of Reading, UK.
Memory. 2002 May;10(3):199-214. doi: 10.1080/09658210143000335.
Four experiments investigate the hypothesis that irrelevant sound interferes with serial recall of auditory items in the same fashion as with visually presented items. In Experiment 1 an acoustically changing sequence of 30 irrelevant utterances was more disruptive than 30 repetitions of the same utterance (the changing-state effect; Jones, Madden, & Miles, 1992) whether the to-be-remembered items were visually or auditorily presented. Experiment 2 showed that two different utterances spoken once (a heterogeneous compound suffix; LeCompte & Watkins, 1995) produced less disruption to serial recall than 15 repetitions of the same sequence. Disruption thus depends on the number of sounds in the irrelevant sequence. In Experiments 3a and 3b the number of different sounds, the "token-set" size (Tremblay & Jones, 1998), in an irrelevant sequence also influenced the magnitude of disruption in both irrelevant sound and compound suffix conditions. The results support the view that the disruption of memory for auditory items, like memory for visually presented items, is dependent on the number of different irrelevant sounds presented and the size of the set from which these sounds are taken. Theoretical implications are discussed.
无关声音干扰听觉项目的系列回忆的方式，与干扰视觉呈现项目的系列回忆的方式相同。在实验1中，30个无关话语的声学变化序列比相同话语重复30次更具干扰性（变化状态效应；琼斯、马登和迈尔斯，1992），无论要记忆的项目是视觉呈现还是听觉呈现。实验2表明，两种不同的话语各说一次（异质复合后缀；勒孔特和沃特金斯，1995）对系列回忆的干扰小于相同序列重复15次。因此，干扰取决于无关序列中的声音数量。在实验3a和3b中，无关序列中不同声音的数量，即“类型集”大小（特朗布莱和琼斯，1998），在无关声音和复合后缀条件下也影响干扰程度。结果支持了这样一种观点，即对听觉项目记忆的干扰，与对视觉呈现项目的记忆干扰一样，取决于所呈现的不同无关声音的数量以及这些声音所来自的集合的大小。文中讨论了理论意义。
