Institute of Psychology, Section Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany.
Department of Marketing and Human Resource Management, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
Trends Hear. 2024 Jan-Dec;28:23312165241262517. doi: 10.1177/23312165241262517.
Listeners with normal audiometric thresholds show substantial variability in their ability to understand speech in noise (SiN). These individual differences have been reported to be associated with a range of auditory and cognitive abilities. The present study addresses the association between SiN processing and the individual susceptibility of short-term memory to auditory distraction (i.e., the irrelevant sound effect [ISE]). In a sample of 67 young adult participants with normal audiometric thresholds, we measured speech recognition performance in a spatial listening task with two interfering talkers (speech-in-speech identification), audiometric thresholds, binaural sensitivity to the temporal fine structure (interaural phase differences [IPD]), serial memory with and without interfering talkers, and self-reported noise sensitivity. Speech-in-speech processing was not significantly associated with the ISE. The most important predictors of high speech-in-speech recognition performance were a large short-term memory span, low IPD thresholds, bilaterally symmetrical audiometric thresholds, and low individual noise sensitivity. Surprisingly, the susceptibility of short-term memory to irrelevant sound accounted for a substantially smaller amount of variance in speech-in-speech processing than the nondisrupted short-term memory capacity. The data confirm the role of binaural sensitivity to the temporal fine structure, although its association to SiN recognition was weaker than in some previous studies. The inverse association between self-reported noise sensitivity and SiN processing deserves further investigation.
听力正常的听众在理解噪声下言语（SiN）的能力方面存在显著差异。这些个体差异与一系列听觉和认知能力有关。本研究探讨了 SiN 处理与短期记忆对听觉干扰（即无关声音效应 [ISE]）个体易感性之间的关系。在一个由 67 名听力正常的成年参与者组成的样本中，我们在一个有两个干扰说话者的空间听力任务中测量了言语识别性能（言语内识别）、听力阈值、对时间精细结构的双耳敏感性（耳间相位差 [IPD]）、有和没有干扰说话者的串行记忆，以及自我报告的噪声敏感性。言语内处理与 ISE 无显著相关性。高言语内识别性能的最重要预测因素是短期记忆跨度大、IPD 阈值低、听力阈值双侧对称和个体噪声敏感性低。令人惊讶的是，短期记忆对无关声音的敏感性对言语内处理的方差解释量比未受干扰的短期记忆能力小得多。数据证实了对时间精细结构的双耳敏感性的作用，尽管其与 SiN 识别的相关性弱于一些先前的研究。自我报告的噪声敏感性与 SiN 处理之间的反比关系值得进一步研究。
