Constantino John N, Cloninger C Robert, Clarke Adrian R, Hashemi Bahar, Przybeck Thomas
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8134, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2002 Apr 15;109(3):229-43. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00008-2.
The seven-factor model of personality developed by Cloninger and colleagues describes personality as a function of developmental aspects of character superimposed on heritable dimensions of temperament. The objective of this study was to determine whether this model could be applied to early childhood. We tested a preschool version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (the preschool TCI) in 305 children aged 2-5 years. Exploratory factor analysis provided support for the presence of distinct domains of temperament (comprising four factors) and character (comprising three factors). The preschool TCI demonstrated high internal consistency for each of the seven factors (Cronbach's alpha values: 0.70-0.93). Inter-individual differences in novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness were highly preserved (Pearson's r values 0.75, 0.64 and 0.80, respectively) in 29 subjects who were studied over a 3-year period from toddlerhood to early school age. Future studies are warranted to test the extent to which early childhood measurements of the seven factors might predict the development of personality disorders.
克隆宁格及其同事提出的七因素人格模型将人格描述为性格发展方面与气质遗传维度相互叠加的函数。本研究的目的是确定该模型是否适用于幼儿期。我们对305名2至5岁儿童进行了气质与性格量表的学前版测试（学前TCI）。探索性因素分析为气质（包含四个因素）和性格（包含三个因素）的不同领域的存在提供了支持。学前TCI在七个因素中的每一个因素上都表现出较高的内部一致性（克朗巴哈系数值：0.70 - 0.93）。在从幼儿期到学龄早期的3年时间里接受研究的29名受试者中，新奇寻求、奖赏依赖和合作性方面的个体差异得到了高度保留（皮尔逊相关系数值分别为0.75、0.64和0.80）。未来有必要进行研究，以测试七个因素的幼儿期测量在多大程度上可以预测人格障碍的发展。
